Beneath the Surface: A Guide to Breast Imaging – Breast360.org The American Society of Breast

breast cancer on ultrasound Beneath the Surface: A Guide to Breast Imaging – Breast360.org The American Society of Breast
Breast Cancer

Among all cancers in women, he takes the first place. In most cases, breast cancer develops in the presence of precancerous changes. This is primarily a benign mammary dysplasia and papilloma ducts.

Breast cancer is represented macroscopically nodular and diffuse forms, along with cancer with the nipple and also the nipple of the field (Paget's disease in the breast). For the nodular cancers are seen as the node creating a diameter of up to several centimeters. In some cases, a tight knot, is permeated with whitish layers tissue penetrating to the surrounding dimply skin, in others - a soft, juicy around the cut, splits easily. Diffuse cancer of prostate is covered to get a considerable distance, the contours with the tumor are marked bad. Sometimes the cancer invades your skin layer and forms for the surface of decaying mushroom formation - a cancerous ulcer. In certain cases, the tumor spreads across the surface of the breast and all sorts of the iron is covered having a dense shell.

In histological structure are the following forms of cancer of the breast:

• noninvasive: intralobular and intraduct;

• infiltrative.

Noninvasive breast cancer may be intralobular (lobular carcinoma in situ), and intraduct (ductal carcinoma in situ).

Infiltrating (invasive) cancer is seen as a varying examples of tissue and cell irregularities, which allowed to distinguish different amount of malignancy. This type of cancer include, specifically, infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma, which often has got the structure of scirrhus, in addition to Paget's disease.

Causes of Breast Cancer.

The reasons behind breast cancers often are hormonal changes inside the body: the entry into menopause, if you find a dynamic restructuring from the hormonal regulation in the woman, the ovaries lose their activity, decreased creation of progesterone and estrogen, the body goes through, "hormonal crisis." The mammary gland and endometrium (lining from the uterus) are most tuned in to these changes, the breast growth actually starts to dissolve and stay replaced by fat.

Scientifically established that the female hormones estrogen-, plays a vital role inside the development of breast cancers. The excess hormones inside body results in a favorable background for developing the sickness. The least active hormones estrogen behave while pregnant and after birth - during breastfeeding. It is proved the birth and prolonged breastfeeding (over 1 year) to relieve the risk of developing cancer of the breast. On the other hand, abortion lead to hormonal "explosion" inside a woman's body that may trigger the growth and development of tumors. So far there is absolutely no consensus in regards to the impact around the growth and development of tumors of hormonal contraceptive drugs, yet it's considered that these drugs reduce the chance of developing cancer of the breast, but increase the chance of developing cancer with the female genital organs, and osteoporosis. In addition predisposition to breast cancers might cause harmful environmental factors: environmental surroundings, and also inflammatory diseases previously deferred breast - mastitis.

In addition, patients with a family of first-degree relatives with cancer of the breast (mothers and sisters) chance of creating a tumor increasing by greater than half - familial kinds of cancer.

Benign breast diseases for example fibrocystic breast disease, or fibroadenoz intraduct papillomatosis alone tend not to result in cancer, but concurrently, create an unfavorable background due to the development.

The source of breast cancer would be the results of radiation, such as irradiation in the chest for other diseases (lung tumors, the lymphatic system), prolonged and frequent chest X-ray studies on inflammatory diseases or pulmonary tuberculosis.

Constitutional obesity can result in cancer with the breast and female reproductive system, having an excess fat in the body, it might be a separate endocrine organ and begins to actively produce hormones-estrogens, whose action and provokes the growth and development of tumors.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

There are a couple of forms with the growth of breast cancer:

- Nodular form, the commonest, is characterized by a dense knot of 0.5 to cm or maybe more, it can be seen as a all from the following symptoms;

- Diffuse. All of them are very aggressive, grow quickly, almost lightning speed, the tumor without any clear boundaries, "spreading" from the breast and skin. For the initial two forms are characteristic indications of inflammation: pain from the breast, a bright red color of the skin it raises body temperature to 39 degrees C. In view of such symptoms often occur, and errors in diagnosis of patients treated for inflammatory diseases, that are named and therefore are described these forms cancer of the breast. When tubular carcinoma breast cancer cover as being a "skin" of the contracting and decreasing in dimensions.

In certain cases, breast cancers manifests within the form of metastases inside lymph nodes for the affected side, often ceases to detect the tumor itself - show hidden breast cancers.

For small tumors of the breast, any symptoms arise. The most observant females and their husbands can detect tumor site inside gland by accident, but in the large breast to detect small size hard knot. Revealed a knot could be painful when pressed, round, smooth and agile, this speaks in favor of a benign tumor. Signs of malignancy other: a decent knot to touch the stone, its surface is uneven, it really is stationary or slightly shifted, may be firmly fixed towards the surrounding tissue or skin, usually painless, can reach an important size (greater than three to five cm and quite often 10-15 cm).

Need to assess the surface in the skin on the tumor: the malignant process is going to be observed retraction from the skin, buying within the folds, wrinkles, an indicator of "lemon peel" - an area swelling from the skin on the tumor, may be a direct tumor invasion to skin surface, then it becomes a bright red colorization and sprawl as "cauliflower."

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