Beneath the Surface: A Guide to Breast Imaging – Breast360.org The American Society of Breast

breast cancer on ultrasound Beneath the Surface: A Guide to Breast Imaging – Breast360.org The American Society of Breast
Breast Cancer

Among all cancers in females, he takes the initial place. In most cases, breast cancer develops within the presence of precancerous changes. This is primarily a benign mammary dysplasia and papilloma ducts.

Breast cancer is represented macroscopically nodular and diffuse forms, as well as cancer in the nipple and the nipple in the field (Paget's disease in the breast). For the nodular cancers are seen as a the node creating a diameter up to several centimeters. In certain cases, a strong knot, is permeated with whitish layers tissue penetrating in the surrounding dimply skin, in other people - a soft, juicy around the cut, splits easily. Diffuse prostate type of cancer is included for a considerable distance, the contours with the tumor are marked bad. Sometimes the cancer invades your skin and forms for the surface of decaying mushroom formation - a cancerous ulcer. In some instances, the tumor spreads along the surface of the breast and all the iron is covered with a dense shell.

In histological structure will be the following types of breast cancers:

• noninvasive: intralobular and intraduct;

• infiltrative.

Noninvasive breast cancer could be intralobular (lobular carcinoma in situ), and intraduct (ductal carcinoma in situ).

Infiltrating (invasive) cancer is seen as varying levels of tissue and cell irregularities, which able to distinguish different degree of malignancy. This type of cancer include, in particular, infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma, which in turn has got the structure of scirrhus, and also Paget's disease.

Causes of Breast Cancer.

The reasons for cancer of the breast often are hormonal changes inside the body: the entry into menopause, if you find an engaged restructuring of the hormonal regulation in the woman, the ovaries lose their activity, decreased production of progesterone and estrogen, your body will go through, "hormonal crisis." The mammary gland and endometrium (lining of the uterus) are most understanding of these changes, the breast tissue actually starts to dissolve and become replaced by fat.

Scientifically established that the female hormones estrogen-, plays a vital role inside the continuing development of breast cancer. The excess hormones in the body generates a favorable background for developing the disease. The least active hormones estrogen behave during pregnancy and after birth - during breastfeeding. It is proved the birth and prolonged breastfeeding (a lot more than twelve months) to relieve the risk of developing breast cancer. On the other hand, abortion cause hormonal "explosion" in a woman's body that could trigger the development of tumors. So far there is absolutely no consensus in regards to the impact on the development of tumors of hormonal contraceptive drugs, but it's considered that these drugs reduce potential risk of developing breast cancer, but increase the risk of developing cancer with the female genital organs, and osteoporosis. In addition predisposition to breast cancer might cause harmful environmental factors: the planet, in addition to inflammatory diseases previously deferred breast - mastitis.

In addition, patients which has a family of first-degree relatives with breast cancers (mothers and sisters) likelihood of developing a tumor increasing by over half - familial varieties of cancer.

Benign breast diseases such as fibrocystic breast disease, or fibroadenoz intraduct papillomatosis alone tend not to bring about cancer, but at the same time, create an unfavorable background for its development.

The cause of breast cancer could be the connection between radiation, for example irradiation from the chest for other diseases (lung tumors, the lymphatic system), prolonged and frequent chest X-ray studies on inflammatory diseases or pulmonary tuberculosis.

Constitutional obesity can result in cancer in the breast and female the reproductive system, by having an excess fatty tissue inside body, it might be a different endocrine organ and starts to actively produce hormones-estrogens, whose action and provokes the development of tumors.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

There are many forms in the growth of breast cancers:

- Nodular form, the most common, is seen as a dense knot of 0.5 to cm or more, it really is characterized by all of the following symptoms;

- Diffuse. All of them are very aggressive, grow quickly, almost lightning speed, the tumor with no clear boundaries, "spreading" of the breast and skin. For the first couple of forms are characteristic indications of inflammation: pain of the breast, a bright red colorization of the skin it raises body's temperature to 39 degrees C. In view of such symptoms often occur, and errors in diagnosing patients treated for inflammatory diseases, that happen to be named and are referred to these forms cancer of the breast. When tubular carcinoma breast cancers cover like a "skin" of the company's contracting and decreasing in size.

In certain instances, breast cancer manifests inside the form of metastases in the lymph nodes on the affected side, often does not detect the tumor itself - show hidden cancer of the breast.

For small tumors from the breast, any symptoms arise. The most observant women and their husbands have the ability to detect tumor site in the gland by accident, but in the large breast to detect small size hard knot. Revealed a knot may be painful when pressed, round, smooth and agile, this speaks in favor of a benign tumor. Signs of malignancy other: a decent knot to touch the stone, its surface is uneven, it's stationary or slightly shifted, may be firmly fixed on the surrounding tissue or skin, usually painless, can reach a substantial size (greater than three to five cm and quite often 10-15 cm).

Need to gauge the surface of the skin within the tumor: the malignant process will likely be observed retraction from the skin, picking up in the folds, wrinkles, a symptom of "lemon peel" - a neighborhood swelling from the skin on the tumor, might be a direct tumor invasion to the skin surface, then it will become a bright red color and sprawl as "cauliflower."

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