Breast cancer Diagnosis and treatment Mayo Clinic

breast cancer on mri Breast cancer Diagnosis and treatment Mayo Clinic
Breast Cancer

Among all cancers ladies, he takes the first place. In most cases, breast cancer develops inside the presence of precancerous changes. This is primarily a benign mammary dysplasia and papilloma ducts.

Breast cancer is represented macroscopically nodular and diffuse forms, in addition to cancer with the nipple as well as the nipple from the field (Paget's disease from the breast). For the nodular cancers are seen as an the node having a diameter all the way to several centimeters. In some cases, a strong knot, is permeated with whitish layers tissue penetrating in to the surrounding dimply skin, in others - a soft, juicy around the cut, splits easily. Diffuse cancer of prostate is included for any considerable distance, the contours in the tumor are marked bad. Sometimes the cancer invades the skin and forms on the surface of decaying mushroom formation - a cancerous ulcer. In some cases, the tumor spreads down the surface in the breast and the iron is roofed using a dense shell.

In histological structure are the following forms of breast cancer:

• noninvasive: intralobular and intraduct;

• infiltrative.

Noninvasive breast cancers can be intralobular (lobular carcinoma in situ), and intraduct (ductal carcinoma in situ).

Infiltrating (invasive) cancer is seen as an varying degrees of tissue and cell irregularities, which allowed to distinguish different level of malignancy. This type of cancer include, particularly, infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma, which usually gets the structure of scirrhus, as well as Paget's disease.

Causes of Breast Cancer.

The reasons for breast cancers often are hormonal changes inside the body: the entry into menopause, if you have a dynamic restructuring with the hormonal regulation with the woman, the ovaries lose their activity, decreased creation of progesterone and estrogen, the body will go through, "hormonal crisis." The mammary gland and endometrium (lining of the uterus) are most responsive to these changes, the breast growth begins to dissolve and be replaced by fat.

Scientifically established that this female hormones estrogen-, plays an integral role inside development of cancer of the breast. The excess hormones inside the body produces a favorable background for developing the illness. The least active hormones estrogen behave when pregnant and after birth - during breastfeeding. It is proved that this birth and prolonged breastfeeding (greater than twelve months) to relieve the potential risk of developing breast cancer. On the other hand, abortion bring about hormonal "explosion" in the woman's body that may trigger the growth and development of tumors. So far there is absolutely no consensus in regards to the impact for the progression of tumors of hormonal contraceptive drugs, but it is believed that these drugs reduce the risk of developing breast cancers, but increase the risk of developing cancer of the female genital organs, and osteoporosis. In addition predisposition to cancer of the breast can cause harmful environmental factors: the surroundings, in addition to inflammatory diseases previously deferred breast - mastitis.

In addition, patients which has a family of first-degree relatives with breast cancer (mothers and sisters) risk of making a tumor increasing by more than half - familial forms of cancer.

Benign breast diseases like fibrocystic breast disease, or fibroadenoz intraduct papillomatosis alone usually do not cause cancer, but as well, create an unfavorable background because of its development.

The reason behind cancer of the breast could be the effects of radiation, such as irradiation in the chest for other diseases (lung tumors, the lymphatic system), prolonged and frequent chest X-ray studies on inflammatory diseases or pulmonary tuberculosis.

Constitutional obesity can bring about cancer from the breast and female reproductive system, having an excess fatty tissue within the body, it is a different endocrine organ and starts to actively produce hormones-estrogens, whose action and provokes the continuing development of tumors.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

There are many forms from the growth of breast cancer:

- Nodular form, the commonest, is seen as a dense knot of 0.5 to five cm or maybe more, it's seen as an all of the following symptoms;

- Diffuse. All of them are very aggressive, grow quickly, almost lightning speed, the tumor without having clear boundaries, "spreading" from the breast and skin. For the initial two forms are characteristic warning signs of inflammation: pain in the breast, a bright red color in the skin it raises body's temperature to 39 degrees C. In view of those symptoms often occur, and errors in diagnosing patients treated for inflammatory diseases, which are named and therefore are known as these forms cancer of the breast. When tubular carcinoma breast cancer cover being a "skin" of its contracting and decreasing in proportions.

In certain cases, breast cancers manifests in the form of metastases in the lymph nodes around the affected side, often doesn't detect the tumor itself - show hidden cancer of the breast.

For small tumors in the breast, any symptoms arise. The most observant as well as their husbands can detect tumor site inside gland by accident, but in the large breast to detect small size hard knot. Revealed a knot might be painful when pressed, round, smooth and agile, this speaks and only a benign tumor. Signs of malignancy other: a tight knot to touch the stone, its surface is uneven, it can be stationary or slightly shifted, might be firmly fixed to the surrounding tissue or skin, usually painless, can reach a substantial size (more than 3 - 5 cm and sometimes 10-15 cm).

Need to gauge the surface from the skin over the tumor: the malignant process will likely be observed retraction from the skin, collecting in the folds, wrinkles, a signal of "lemon peel" - a neighborhood swelling of the skin in the tumor, may be a direct tumor invasion to your skin surface, then it will become a bright beautiful red colors and sprawl as "cauliflower."

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