June 2014 Sally Ember, Ed.D.

breast cancer on male June 2014 Sally Ember, Ed.D.
Breast Cancer

Among all cancers in women, he takes the first place. In most cases, cancer of the breast develops within the presence of precancerous changes. This is primarily a benign mammary dysplasia and papilloma ducts.

Breast cancer is represented macroscopically nodular and diffuse forms, along with cancer from the nipple along with the nipple in the field (Paget's disease of the breast). For the nodular cancers are characterized by the node having a diameter all the way to several centimeters. In certain cases, a good knot, is permeated with whitish layers tissue penetrating into the surrounding fat, on other occasions - a soft, juicy around the cut, splits easily. Diffuse cancer of prostate is included to get a considerable distance, the contours in the tumor are marked bad. Sometimes the cancer invades skin and forms on the surface of decaying mushroom formation - a cancerous ulcer. In certain cases, the tumor spreads along the surface with the breast and many types of the iron is covered using a dense shell.

In histological structure are the following varieties of cancer of the breast:

• noninvasive: intralobular and intraduct;

• infiltrative.

Noninvasive breast cancer may be intralobular (lobular carcinoma in situ), and intraduct (ductal carcinoma in situ).

Infiltrating (invasive) cancer is characterized by varying examples of tissue and cell irregularities, which permitted to distinguish different degree of malignancy. This type of cancer include, specifically, infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma, which will has the structure of scirrhus, and also Paget's disease.

Causes of Breast Cancer.

The reasons for breast cancers often are hormonal changes inside the body: the entry into menopause, if you find a dynamic restructuring in the hormonal regulation with the woman, the ovaries lose their activity, decreased production of progesterone and estrogen, our bodies goes through, "hormonal crisis." The mammary gland and endometrium (lining with the uterus) are most attentive to these changes, the breast type tissue begins to dissolve and be replaced by fat.

Scientifically established the female hormones estrogen-, plays an important role inside the progression of breast cancers. The excess hormones within the body generates a favorable background for developing the sickness. The least active hormones estrogen behave when pregnant and after birth - during breastfeeding. It is proved that this birth and prolonged breastfeeding (over 1 year) to cut back potential risk of developing cancer of the breast. On the other hand, abortion lead to hormonal "explosion" in a very woman's body that can trigger the continuing development of tumors. So far there isn't any consensus regarding the impact for the development of tumors of hormonal contraceptive drugs, however it is belief that these drugs reduce the risk of developing breast cancer, but increase the potential risk of developing cancer with the female genital organs, and osteoporosis. In addition predisposition to cancer of the breast may cause harmful environmental factors: the environment, in addition to inflammatory diseases previously deferred breast - mastitis.

In addition, patients which has a group of first-degree relatives with cancer of the breast (mothers and sisters) probability of developing a tumor increasing by over half - familial types of cancer.

Benign breast diseases including fibrocystic breast disease, or fibroadenoz intraduct papillomatosis alone usually do not cause cancer, but concurrently, create an unfavorable background due to the development.

The reason behind breast cancers will be the outcomes of radiation, for example irradiation from the chest for other diseases (lung tumors, the lymphatic system), prolonged and frequent chest X-ray studies on inflammatory diseases or pulmonary tuberculosis.

Constitutional obesity can cause cancer with the breast and female the reproductive system, by having an excess dimply skin in the body, it might be an outside endocrine organ and begins to actively produce hormones-estrogens, whose action and provokes the growth and development of tumors.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

There are many forms of the growth of cancer of the breast:

- Nodular form, the most common, is characterized by a dense knot of 0.5 to five cm or more, it is seen as an all from the following symptoms;

- Diffuse. All of them are very aggressive, grow quickly, almost lightning speed, the tumor with no clear boundaries, "spreading" from the breast and skin. For the first couple of forms are characteristic indications of inflammation: pain in the breast, a bright red color from the skin it raises body temperature to 39 degrees C. In view of the symptoms often occur, and errors in carried out patients treated for inflammatory diseases, that are named and are referred to these forms breast cancer. When tubular carcinoma cancer of the breast cover like a "skin" of the contracting and decreasing in proportions.

In certain instances, breast cancer manifests within the form of metastases within the lymph nodes around the affected side, often ceases to detect the tumor itself - show hidden cancer of the breast.

For small tumors from the breast, any symptoms arise. The most observant females and their husbands have the ability to detect tumor site within the gland by chance, but inside a large breast to detect small size hard knot. Revealed a knot could be painful when pressed, round, smooth and agile, this speaks and only a benign tumor. Signs of malignancy other: a good knot to touch the stone, its surface is uneven, it really is stationary or slightly shifted, may be firmly fixed for the surrounding tissue or skin, usually painless, can reach a tremendous size (greater than 3 to 5 cm and often 10-15 cm).

Need to gauge the surface from the skin over the tumor: the malignant process will probably be observed retraction of the skin, buying within the folds, wrinkles, a symptom of "lemon peel" - a local swelling in the skin in the tumor, may be a direct tumor invasion to skin surface, then it is a bright red color and sprawl as "cauliflower."

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