Genetic studies of mammary tumours breast cancer in dogs

breast cancer on dogs Genetic studies of mammary tumours breast cancer in dogs
Breast Cancer

Among all cancers in women, he takes the ultimate place. In most cases, breast cancers develops in the presence of precancerous changes. This is primarily a benign mammary dysplasia and papilloma ducts.

Breast cancer is represented macroscopically nodular and diffuse forms, in addition to cancer from the nipple and the nipple of the field (Paget's disease from the breast). For the nodular cancers are seen as a the node developing a diameter as high as several centimeters. In some cases, a decent knot, is permeated with whitish layers tissue penetrating in to the surrounding fat, in other people - a soft, juicy about the cut, splits easily. Diffuse prostate type of cancer is included for a considerable distance, the contours with the tumor are marked bad. Sometimes the cancer invades skin and forms for the surface of decaying mushroom formation - a cancerous ulcer. In certain cases, the tumor spreads over the surface in the breast and the iron is roofed with a dense shell.

In histological structure will be the following types of breast cancer:

• noninvasive: intralobular and intraduct;

• infiltrative.

Noninvasive cancer of the breast could be intralobular (lobular carcinoma in situ), and intraduct (ductal carcinoma in situ).

Infiltrating (invasive) cancer is seen as a varying levels of tissue and cell irregularities, which permitted to distinguish different amount of malignancy. This type of cancer include, specifically, infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma, which in turn has the structure of scirrhus, in addition to Paget's disease.

Causes of Breast Cancer.

The factors behind breast cancers often are hormonal changes in the body: the entry into menopause, should there be an energetic restructuring with the hormonal regulation with the woman, the ovaries lose their activity, decreased creation of progesterone and estrogen, the body is going through, "hormonal crisis." The mammary gland and endometrium (lining of the uterus) are most responsive to these changes, the breast growth begins to dissolve and be replaced by fat.

Scientifically established that this female hormones estrogen-, plays a key role inside development of breast cancer. The excess hormones inside the body results in a favorable background for developing the illness. The least active hormones estrogen behave in pregnancy and after birth - during breastfeeding. It is proved the birth and prolonged breastfeeding (more than one year) to reduce the chance of developing cancer of the breast. On the other hand, abortion cause hormonal "explosion" inside a woman's body that may trigger the continuing development of tumors. So far there isn't any consensus about the impact on the continuing development of tumors of hormonal contraceptive drugs, however it is considered that these drugs reduce the potential risk of developing cancer of the breast, but increase the chance of developing cancer in the female genital organs, and osteoporosis. In addition predisposition to breast cancer can cause harmful environmental factors: the environment, along with inflammatory diseases previously deferred breast - mastitis.

In addition, patients which has a group of first-degree relatives with cancer of the breast (mothers and sisters) risk of making a tumor increasing by a lot more than half - familial forms of cancer.

Benign breast diseases for example fibrocystic breast disease, or fibroadenoz intraduct papillomatosis alone don't result in cancer, but simultaneously, create an unfavorable background for its development.

The reason behind breast cancer may be the results of radiation, such as irradiation of the chest for other diseases (lung tumors, the lymphatic system), prolonged and frequent chest X-ray studies on inflammatory diseases or pulmonary tuberculosis.

Constitutional obesity can lead to cancer from the breast and female reproductive system, by having an excess fatty tissue in the body, it is a separate endocrine organ and starts to actively produce hormones-estrogens, whose action and provokes the growth and development of tumors.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

There are some forms of the growth of breast cancer:

- Nodular form, the most common, is seen as a a dense knot of 0.5 to five cm or more, it's seen as all of the following symptoms;

- Diffuse. All of them are very aggressive, grow quickly, almost lightning speed, the tumor with no clear boundaries, "spreading" from the breast and skin. For the first two forms are characteristic signs of inflammation: pain of the breast, a bright red color with the skin it raises body temperature to 39 degrees C. In view of such symptoms often occur, and errors in carried out patients treated for inflammatory diseases, that are named and therefore are known as these forms breast cancers. When tubular carcinoma breast cancers cover as being a "skin" of the company's contracting and decreasing in size.

In some cases, breast cancers manifests inside the form of metastases in the lymph nodes around the affected side, often fails to detect the tumor itself - show hidden breast cancer.

For small tumors of the breast, any symptoms arise. The most observant as well as their husbands are able to detect tumor site within the gland unintentionally, but in the large breast to detect small size hard knot. Revealed a knot can be painful when pressed, round, smooth and agile, this speaks for a benign tumor. Signs of malignancy other: a decent knot to touch the stone, its surface is uneven, it's stationary or slightly shifted, might be firmly fixed to the surrounding tissue or skin, usually painless, can reach an important size (greater than 3 to 5 cm and infrequently 10-15 cm).

Need to assess the surface in the skin on the tumor: the malignant process will probably be observed retraction with the skin, buying inside folds, wrinkles, a signal of "lemon peel" - a local swelling with the skin on the tumor, can be a direct tumor invasion to your skin surface, then it will become a bright red color and sprawl as "cauliflower."

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