Mammograms in the News, Yet Again Clinical Correlations

breast cancer on mammogram Mammograms in the News, Yet Again Clinical Correlations
Breast Cancer

Among all cancers in ladies, he takes the first place. In most cases, breast cancer develops inside presence of precancerous changes. This is primarily a benign mammary dysplasia and papilloma ducts.

Breast cancer is represented macroscopically nodular and diffuse forms, along with cancer in the nipple and also the nipple in the field (Paget's disease from the breast). For the nodular cancers are seen as a the node having a diameter as high as several centimeters. In some cases, a good knot, is permeated with whitish layers tissue penetrating to the surrounding fat, in others - a soft, juicy about the cut, splits easily. Diffuse cancer of the prostate is roofed for any considerable distance, the contours of the tumor are marked bad. Sometimes the cancer invades skin and forms about the surface of decaying mushroom formation - a cancerous ulcer. In some cases, the tumor spreads down the surface of the breast and the iron is covered which has a dense shell.

In histological structure would be the following types of cancer of the breast:

• noninvasive: intralobular and intraduct;

• infiltrative.

Noninvasive cancer of the breast may be intralobular (lobular carcinoma in situ), and intraduct (ductal carcinoma in situ).

Infiltrating (invasive) cancer is characterized by varying degrees of tissue and cell irregularities, which allowed to distinguish different level of malignancy. This type of cancer include, especially, infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma, which often contains the structure of scirrhus, and also Paget's disease.

Causes of Breast Cancer.

The causes of breast cancers often are hormonal changes within the body: the entry into menopause, if you find an engaged restructuring in the hormonal regulation in the woman, the ovaries lose their activity, decreased creation of progesterone and estrogen, one's body goes through, "hormonal crisis." The mammary gland and endometrium (lining from the uterus) are most tuned in to these changes, the breast tissue actually starts to dissolve and become replaced by fat.

Scientifically established the female hormones estrogen-, plays a key role in the progression of breast cancers. The excess hormones in the body generates a favorable background for developing the sickness. The least active hormones estrogen behave in pregnancy and after birth - during breastfeeding. It is proved how the birth and prolonged breastfeeding (over twelve months) to relieve the risk of developing cancer of the breast. On the other hand, abortion bring about hormonal "explosion" in a woman's body that can trigger the development of tumors. So far there is no consensus in regards to the impact around the growth and development of tumors of hormonal contraceptive drugs, however it is considered that these drugs reduce potential risk of developing breast cancers, but increase potential risk of developing cancer of the female genital organs, and osteoporosis. In addition predisposition to cancer of the breast may cause harmful environmental factors: the environment, along with inflammatory diseases previously deferred breast - mastitis.

In addition, patients having a category of first-degree relatives with breast cancers (mothers and sisters) probability of making a tumor increasing by over half - familial kinds of cancer.

Benign breast diseases like fibrocystic breast disease, or fibroadenoz intraduct papillomatosis alone tend not to lead to cancer, but concurrently, create an unfavorable background because of its development.

The reason for cancer of the breast could be the outcomes of radiation, such as irradiation in the chest for other diseases (lung tumors, the lymphatic system), prolonged and frequent chest X-ray studies on inflammatory diseases or pulmonary tuberculosis.

Constitutional obesity can cause cancer from the breast and female the reproductive system, by having an excess dimply skin within the body, it is a different endocrine organ and starts to actively produce hormones-estrogens, whose action and provokes the continuing development of tumors.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

There are some forms with the growth of breast cancers:

- Nodular form, the most frequent, is characterized by a dense knot of 0.5 to 5 cm or more, it can be seen as a all of the following symptoms;

- Diffuse. All of them are very aggressive, grow quickly, almost lightning speed, the tumor without having clear boundaries, "spreading" in the breast and skin. For the first two forms are characteristic indications of inflammation: pain in the breast, a bright beautiful red colors of the skin it raises temperature to 39 degrees C. In view of those symptoms often occur, and errors in proper diagnosis of patients treated for inflammatory diseases, which can be named and they are referred to these forms breast cancer. When tubular carcinoma breast cancer cover as a "skin" of their contracting and decreasing in dimensions.

In some instances, cancer of the breast manifests within the form of metastases inside the lymph nodes on the affected side, often fails to detect the tumor itself - show hidden breast cancer.

For small tumors with the breast, any symptoms arise. The most observant women and their husbands have the ability to detect tumor site inside gland unintentionally, but in a large breast to detect small size hard knot. Revealed a knot could be painful when pressed, round, smooth and agile, this speaks in favor of a benign tumor. Signs of malignancy other: a decent knot to touch the stone, its surface is uneven, it can be stationary or slightly shifted, could be firmly fixed for the surrounding tissue or skin, usually painless, can reach a substantial size (a lot more than 3 to 5 cm and often 10-15 cm).

Need to evaluate the surface with the skin within the tumor: the malignant process will probably be observed retraction from the skin, buying inside folds, wrinkles, an indicator of "lemon peel" - an area swelling with the skin over the tumor, may be a direct tumor invasion to skin surface, then it might be a bright red colorization and sprawl as "cauliflower."

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