Online CME: Screening Breast Ultrasound

breast cancer on ultrasound Online CME: Screening Breast Ultrasound
Breast Cancer

Among all cancers ladies, he takes consumers. In most cases, cancer of the breast develops inside presence of precancerous changes. This is primarily a benign mammary dysplasia and papilloma ducts.

Breast cancer is represented macroscopically nodular and diffuse forms, as well as cancer with the nipple and the nipple with the field (Paget's disease with the breast). For the nodular cancers are characterized by the node developing a diameter up to several centimeters. In some instances, a good knot, is permeated with whitish layers tissue penetrating in to the surrounding dimply skin, in other people - a soft, juicy for the cut, splits easily. Diffuse cancer of prostate is included for the considerable distance, the contours with the tumor are marked bad. Sometimes the cancer invades your skin layer and forms around the surface of decaying mushroom formation - a cancerous ulcer. In certain cases, the tumor spreads over the surface of the breast and all sorts of the iron is included having a dense shell.

In histological structure would be the following kinds of cancer of the breast:

• noninvasive: intralobular and intraduct;

• infiltrative.

Noninvasive breast cancer could be intralobular (lobular carcinoma in situ), and intraduct (ductal carcinoma in situ).

Infiltrating (invasive) cancer is seen as a varying levels of tissue and cell irregularities, which allowed to distinguish different level of malignancy. This type of cancer include, specifically, infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma, which will contains the structure of scirrhus, as well as Paget's disease.

Causes of Breast Cancer.

The reasons behind breast cancer often are hormonal changes inside body: the entry into menopause, should there be an engaged restructuring of the hormonal regulation with the woman, the ovaries lose their activity, decreased output of progesterone and estrogen, the body goes through, "hormonal crisis." The mammary gland and endometrium (lining of the uterus) are most tuned in to these changes, the breast growth actually starts to dissolve and be replaced by fat.

Scientifically established the female hormones estrogen-, plays an important role inside growth and development of breast cancer. The excess hormones inside body generates a favorable background for developing the disease. The least active hormones estrogen behave while pregnant and after birth - during breastfeeding. It is proved that the birth and prolonged breastfeeding (a lot more than twelve months) to cut back potential risk of developing cancer of the breast. On the other hand, abortion lead to hormonal "explosion" in a woman's body that can trigger the progression of tumors. So far there is no consensus concerning the impact on the continuing development of tumors of hormonal contraceptive drugs, but it is belief that these drugs reduce the risk of developing breast cancers, but increase the risk of developing cancer from the female genital organs, and osteoporosis. In addition predisposition to breast cancer may cause harmful environmental factors: the environment, as well as inflammatory diseases previously deferred breast - mastitis.

In addition, patients with a group of first-degree relatives with breast cancer (mothers and sisters) likelihood of having a tumor increasing by over half - familial forms of cancer.

Benign breast diseases like fibrocystic breast disease, or fibroadenoz intraduct papillomatosis alone tend not to result in cancer, but concurrently, create an unfavorable background because of its development.

The reason for breast cancers may be the connection between radiation, including irradiation from the chest for other diseases (lung tumors, the lymphatic system), prolonged and frequent chest X-ray studies on inflammatory diseases or pulmonary tuberculosis.

Constitutional obesity can cause cancer with the breast and female reproductive system, by having an excess fat inside the body, it is an outside endocrine organ and actually starts to actively produce hormones-estrogens, whose action and provokes the continuing development of tumors.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

There are many forms in the growth of breast cancer:

- Nodular form, the most common, is seen as a a dense knot of 0.5 to 5 cm or maybe more, it can be seen as a all from the following symptoms;

- Diffuse. All of them are very aggressive, grow quickly, almost lightning speed, the tumor without clear boundaries, "spreading" from the breast and skin. For the first couple of forms are characteristic indications of inflammation: pain with the breast, a bright red colorization of the skin it raises temperature to 39 degrees C. In view of the symptoms often occur, and errors in proper diagnosis of patients treated for inflammatory diseases, which can be named and they are known as these forms breast cancers. When tubular carcinoma breast cancer cover being a "skin" of its contracting and decreasing in space.

In some cases, cancer of the breast manifests within the form of metastases inside the lymph nodes on the affected side, often doesn't detect the tumor itself - show hidden cancer of the breast.

For small tumors in the breast, any symptoms arise. The most observant ladies and their husbands can easily detect tumor site within the gland accidentally, but inside a large breast to detect small size hard knot. Revealed a knot can be painful when pressed, round, smooth and agile, this speaks for a benign tumor. Signs of malignancy other: a decent knot to touch the stone, its surface is uneven, it can be stationary or slightly shifted, could be firmly fixed towards the surrounding tissue or skin, usually painless, can reach a significant size (a lot more than 3 - 5 cm and sometimes 10-15 cm).

Need to evaluate the surface with the skin over the tumor: the malignant process is going to be observed retraction with the skin, collecting inside the folds, wrinkles, an indication of "lemon peel" - a nearby swelling in the skin in the tumor, can be a direct tumor invasion to skin surface, then it is a bright red color and sprawl as "cauliflower."

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