RSNA 2013: Breast Cancer Prognosis Potentially Affected by Screening Intervals

breast cancer on mammogram RSNA 2013: Breast Cancer Prognosis Potentially Affected by Screening Intervals
Breast Cancer

Among all cancers ladies, he takes the initial place. In most cases, breast cancer develops within the presence of precancerous changes. This is primarily a benign mammary dysplasia and papilloma ducts.

Breast cancer is represented macroscopically nodular and diffuse forms, along with cancer from the nipple and also the nipple in the field (Paget's disease with the breast). For the nodular cancers are seen as a the node creating a diameter as high as several centimeters. In certain cases, a strong knot, is permeated with whitish layers tissue penetrating in to the surrounding dimply skin, on other occasions - a soft, juicy on the cut, splits easily. Diffuse prostate type of cancer is included to get a considerable distance, the contours of the tumor are marked bad. Sometimes the cancer invades your skin layer and forms about the surface of decaying mushroom formation - a cancerous ulcer. In certain instances, the tumor spreads along the surface in the breast and all the iron is covered which has a dense shell.

In histological structure include the following varieties of cancer of the breast:

• noninvasive: intralobular and intraduct;

• infiltrative.

Noninvasive breast cancers can be intralobular (lobular carcinoma in situ), and intraduct (ductal carcinoma in situ).

Infiltrating (invasive) cancer is seen as an varying levels of tissue and cell irregularities, which able to distinguish different degree of malignancy. This type of cancer include, especially, infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma, which usually has the structure of scirrhus, and also Paget's disease.

Causes of Breast Cancer.

The reasons for breast cancer often are hormonal changes inside body: the entry into menopause, if you find a dynamic restructuring of the hormonal regulation from the woman, the ovaries lose their activity, decreased creation of progesterone and estrogen, our bodies will go through, "hormonal crisis." The mammary gland and endometrium (lining from the uterus) are most attentive to these changes, the breast tissue starts to dissolve and stay replaced by fat.

Scientifically established that this female hormones estrogen-, plays an integral role in the development of cancer of the breast. The excess hormones in the body results in a favorable background for developing the disease. The least active hormones estrogen behave in pregnancy and after birth - during breastfeeding. It is proved that this birth and prolonged breastfeeding (greater than 12 months) to reduce the risk of developing cancer of the breast. On the other hand, abortion cause hormonal "explosion" in a very woman's body that can trigger the progression of tumors. So far there is no consensus about the impact on the progression of tumors of hormonal contraceptive drugs, but it is belief that these drugs reduce the potential risk of developing breast cancer, but increase potential risk of developing cancer with the female genital organs, and osteoporosis. In addition predisposition to breast cancer might cause harmful environmental factors: environmental surroundings, and also inflammatory diseases previously deferred breast - mastitis.

In addition, patients with a family of first-degree relatives with cancer of the breast (mothers and sisters) chance of having a tumor increasing by over half - familial varieties of cancer.

Benign breast diseases for example fibrocystic breast disease, or fibroadenoz intraduct papillomatosis alone don't bring about cancer, but concurrently, create an unfavorable background because of its development.

The reason for cancer of the breast may be the results of radiation, for example irradiation with the chest for other diseases (lung tumors, the lymphatic system), prolonged and frequent chest X-ray studies on inflammatory diseases or pulmonary tuberculosis.

Constitutional obesity can result in cancer with the breast and female reproductive system, with an excess dimply skin inside the body, it will become a different endocrine organ and actually starts to actively produce hormones-estrogens, whose action and provokes the growth and development of tumors.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

There are a couple of forms with the growth of breast cancers:

- Nodular form, the most common, is seen as a dense knot of 0.5 to cm or higher, it's characterized by all from the following symptoms;

- Diffuse. All of them are very aggressive, grow quickly, almost lightning speed, the tumor without any clear boundaries, "spreading" in the breast and skin. For the first couple of forms are characteristic indications of inflammation: pain from the breast, a bright red colorization with the skin it raises body's temperature to 39 degrees C. In view of such symptoms often occur, and errors in proper diagnosis of patients treated for inflammatory diseases, that are named and are described these forms breast cancer. When tubular carcinoma breast cancers cover as being a "skin" of their contracting and decreasing in dimensions.

In some cases, breast cancer manifests within the form of metastases within the lymph nodes for the affected side, often doesn't detect the tumor itself - show hidden breast cancer.

For small tumors in the breast, any symptoms arise. The most observant females and their husbands have the ability to detect tumor site in the gland accidentally, but in a large breast to detect small size hard knot. Revealed a knot might be painful when pressed, round, smooth and agile, this speaks in support of a benign tumor. Signs of malignancy other: a tight knot to touch the stone, its surface is uneven, it really is stationary or slightly shifted, might be firmly fixed to the surrounding tissue or skin, usually painless, can reach an important size (greater than three to five cm and quite often 10-15 cm).

Need to evaluate the surface from the skin on the tumor: the malignant process will be observed retraction from the skin, obtaining in the folds, wrinkles, a symptom of "lemon peel" - a nearby swelling from the skin on the tumor, is often a direct tumor invasion to your skin layer surface, then it is a bright red colorization and sprawl as "cauliflower."

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