Ultrasound Mayo Clinic

breast cancer on ultrasound Ultrasound Mayo Clinic
Breast Cancer

Among all cancers in women, he takes the first place. In most cases, breast cancer develops inside the presence of precancerous changes. This is primarily a benign mammary dysplasia and papilloma ducts.

Breast cancer is represented macroscopically nodular and diffuse forms, in addition to cancer with the nipple along with the nipple in the field (Paget's disease from the breast). For the nodular cancers are seen as an the node creating a diameter as high as several centimeters. In some instances, a strong knot, is permeated with whitish layers tissue penetrating to the surrounding fatty tissue, in others - a soft, juicy around the cut, splits easily. Diffuse prostate type of cancer is roofed for a considerable distance, the contours in the tumor are marked bad. Sometimes the cancer invades your skin and forms around the surface of decaying mushroom formation - a cancerous ulcer. In some cases, the tumor spreads along the surface in the breast and the iron is included which has a dense shell.

In histological structure will be the following forms of breast cancer:

• noninvasive: intralobular and intraduct;

• infiltrative.

Noninvasive breast cancer may be intralobular (lobular carcinoma in situ), and intraduct (ductal carcinoma in situ).

Infiltrating (invasive) cancer is characterized by varying levels of tissue and cell irregularities, which able to distinguish different amount of malignancy. This type of cancer include, especially, infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma, which usually has got the structure of scirrhus, as well as Paget's disease.

Causes of Breast Cancer.

The factors behind cancer of the breast often are hormonal changes inside the body: the entry into menopause, if you have a dynamic restructuring with the hormonal regulation of the woman, the ovaries lose their activity, decreased manufacture of progesterone and estrogen, the body is going through, "hormonal crisis." The mammary gland and endometrium (lining in the uterus) are most understanding of these changes, the breast growth starts to dissolve and turn into replaced by fat.

Scientifically established how the female hormones estrogen-, plays a key role inside the development of cancer of the breast. The excess hormones in the body creates a favorable background for developing the disease. The least active hormones estrogen behave in pregnancy and after birth - during breastfeeding. It is proved that the birth and prolonged breastfeeding (more than 12 months) to cut back the chance of developing breast cancer. On the other hand, abortion lead to hormonal "explosion" in a very woman's body that will trigger the progression of tumors. So far there isn't any consensus about the impact on the growth and development of tumors of hormonal contraceptive drugs, however it is belief that these drugs reduce the chance of developing breast cancers, but increase the chance of developing cancer of the female genital organs, and osteoporosis. In addition predisposition to cancer of the breast could cause harmful environmental factors: the planet, along with inflammatory diseases previously deferred breast - mastitis.

In addition, patients having a category of first-degree relatives with breast cancer (mothers and sisters) chance of having a tumor increasing by more than half - familial kinds of cancer.

Benign breast diseases for example fibrocystic breast disease, or fibroadenoz intraduct papillomatosis alone don't bring about cancer, but concurrently, create an unfavorable background for the development.

The cause of cancer of the breast will be the results of radiation, for example irradiation of the chest for other diseases (lung tumors, the lymphatic system), prolonged and frequent chest X-ray studies on inflammatory diseases or pulmonary tuberculosis.

Constitutional obesity can bring about cancer in the breast and female reproductive :, by having an excess fat in the body, it might be a different endocrine organ and begins to actively produce hormones-estrogens, whose action and provokes the growth and development of tumors.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

There are several forms from the growth of breast cancers:

- Nodular form, the most common, is seen as a a dense knot of 0.5 to cm or maybe more, it can be characterized by all in the following symptoms;

- Diffuse. All of them are very aggressive, grow quickly, almost lightning speed, the tumor without having clear boundaries, "spreading" in the breast and skin. For the first 2 forms are characteristic signs of inflammation: pain of the breast, a bright red color with the skin it raises body's temperature to 39 degrees C. In view of the symptoms often occur, and errors in diagnosis of patients treated for inflammatory diseases, which are named and they are referred to these forms breast cancers. When tubular carcinoma breast cancer cover as a "skin" of the company's contracting and decreasing in proportions.

In some instances, breast cancer manifests in the form of metastases inside the lymph nodes for the affected side, often ceases to detect the tumor itself - show hidden breast cancers.

For small tumors with the breast, any symptoms arise. The most observant women and their husbands are able to detect tumor site inside gland accidentally, but in a very large breast to detect small size hard knot. Revealed a knot may be painful when pressed, round, smooth and agile, this speaks and only a benign tumor. Signs of malignancy other: a tight knot to touch the stone, its surface is uneven, it can be stationary or slightly shifted, can be firmly fixed to the surrounding tissue or skin, usually painless, can reach an important size (greater than 3 - 5 cm and sometimes 10-15 cm).

Need to evaluate the surface from the skin within the tumor: the malignant process is going to be observed retraction from the skin, picking up within the folds, wrinkles, a signal of "lemon peel" - an area swelling of the skin in the tumor, is often a direct tumor invasion to your skin layer surface, then it will become a bright red colorization and sprawl as "cauliflower."

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