Which breast cancer patients need lymph nodes removed? Ultrasound narrows it down, study finds

breast cancer on ultrasound Which breast cancer patients need lymph nodes removed? Ultrasound narrows it down, study finds
Breast Cancer

Among all cancers in women, he takes the initial place. In most cases, cancer of the breast develops within the presence of precancerous changes. This is primarily a benign mammary dysplasia and papilloma ducts.

Breast cancer is represented macroscopically nodular and diffuse forms, in addition to cancer from the nipple as well as the nipple from the field (Paget's disease of the breast). For the nodular cancers are seen as a the node developing a diameter of up to several centimeters. In some cases, a strong knot, is permeated with whitish layers tissue penetrating in to the surrounding fat, in other people - a soft, juicy for the cut, splits easily. Diffuse prostate type of cancer is roofed for any considerable distance, the contours of the tumor are marked bad. Sometimes the cancer invades the skin and forms about the surface of decaying mushroom formation - a cancerous ulcer. In some instances, the tumor spreads along the surface in the breast and all the iron is covered using a dense shell.

In histological structure would be the following kinds of breast cancers:

• noninvasive: intralobular and intraduct;

• infiltrative.

Noninvasive breast cancers can be intralobular (lobular carcinoma in situ), and intraduct (ductal carcinoma in situ).

Infiltrating (invasive) cancer is characterized by varying degrees of tissue and cell irregularities, which permitted to distinguish different degree of malignancy. This type of cancer include, particularly, infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma, which will has the structure of scirrhus, as well as Paget's disease.

Causes of Breast Cancer.

The causes of breast cancer often are hormonal changes inside the body: the entry into menopause, when there is an engaged restructuring in the hormonal regulation in the woman, the ovaries lose their activity, decreased production of progesterone and estrogen, our bodies is going through, "hormonal crisis." The mammary gland and endometrium (lining of the uterus) are most tuned in to these changes, the breast growth actually starts to dissolve and become replaced by fat.

Scientifically established how the female hormones estrogen-, plays a key role inside progression of cancer of the breast. The excess hormones within the body results in a favorable background for developing the illness. The least active hormones estrogen behave while pregnant and after birth - during breastfeeding. It is proved that the birth and prolonged breastfeeding (greater than 12 months) to relieve the potential risk of developing cancer of the breast. On the other hand, abortion result in hormonal "explosion" in the woman's body that can trigger the progression of tumors. So far there is no consensus about the impact about the growth and development of tumors of hormonal contraceptive drugs, yet it's belief that these drugs reduce the chance of developing breast cancers, but increase the potential risk of developing cancer with the female genital organs, and osteoporosis. In addition predisposition to cancer of the breast might cause harmful environmental factors: environmental surroundings, in addition to inflammatory diseases previously deferred breast - mastitis.

In addition, patients using a category of first-degree relatives with breast cancers (mothers and sisters) chance of creating a tumor increasing by more than half - familial forms of cancer.

Benign breast diseases such as fibrocystic breast disease, or fibroadenoz intraduct papillomatosis alone do not result in cancer, but concurrently, create an unfavorable background because of its development.

The reason for breast cancer may be the results of radiation, for example irradiation of the chest for other diseases (lung tumors, the lymphatic system), prolonged and frequent chest X-ray studies on inflammatory diseases or pulmonary tuberculosis.

Constitutional obesity can result in cancer from the breast and female reproductive :, having an excess dimply skin within the body, it becomes a separate endocrine organ and starts to actively produce hormones-estrogens, whose action and provokes the continuing development of tumors.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

There are many forms of the growth of cancer of the breast:

- Nodular form, the most typical, is seen as a a dense knot of 0.5 to five cm or more, it really is seen as all from the following symptoms;

- Diffuse. All of them are very aggressive, grow quickly, almost lightning speed, the tumor without any clear boundaries, "spreading" in the breast and skin. For the first two forms are characteristic warning signs of inflammation: pain from the breast, a bright red colorization from the skin it raises body's temperature to 39 degrees C. In view of these symptoms often occur, and errors in diagnosis of patients treated for inflammatory diseases, that are named and therefore are referred to these forms cancer of the breast. When tubular carcinoma breast cancer cover like a "skin" of the company's contracting and decreasing in size.

In some instances, breast cancers manifests inside form of metastases inside lymph nodes on the affected side, often doesn't detect the tumor itself - show hidden breast cancer.

For small tumors of the breast, any symptoms arise. The most observant women and their husbands can detect tumor site in the gland unintentionally, but in a very large breast to detect small size hard knot. Revealed a knot may be painful when pressed, round, smooth and agile, this speaks in support of a benign tumor. Signs of malignancy other: a tight knot to touch the stone, its surface is uneven, it really is stationary or slightly shifted, might be firmly fixed for the surrounding tissue or skin, usually painless, can reach an important size (more than 3 - 5 cm and quite often 10-15 cm).

Need to assess the surface of the skin in the tumor: the malignant process will probably be observed retraction with the skin, obtaining inside the folds, wrinkles, an indication of "lemon peel" - a local swelling of the skin within the tumor, can be a direct tumor invasion to the skin surface, then it might be a bright red colorization and sprawl as "cauliflower."

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