breast pathology ultrasound

breast cancer on ultrasound breast pathology ultrasound
Breast Cancer

Among all cancers in ladies, he takes the initial place. In most cases, breast cancers develops in the presence of precancerous changes. This is primarily a benign mammary dysplasia and papilloma ducts.

Breast cancer is represented macroscopically nodular and diffuse forms, in addition to cancer of the nipple and the nipple from the field (Paget's disease with the breast). For the nodular cancers are characterized by the node developing a diameter all the way to several centimeters. In certain instances, a good knot, is permeated with whitish layers tissue penetrating in the surrounding fat, in others - a soft, juicy for the cut, splits easily. Diffuse cancer of prostate is roofed for a considerable distance, the contours of the tumor are marked bad. Sometimes the cancer invades your skin layer and forms on the surface of decaying mushroom formation - a cancerous ulcer. In certain cases, the tumor spreads across the surface from the breast and the iron is covered using a dense shell.

In histological structure are the following kinds of breast cancer:

• noninvasive: intralobular and intraduct;

• infiltrative.

Noninvasive breast cancers might be intralobular (lobular carcinoma in situ), and intraduct (ductal carcinoma in situ).

Infiltrating (invasive) cancer is seen as varying examples of tissue and cell irregularities, which in a position to distinguish different amount of malignancy. This type of cancer include, especially, infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma, which often has got the structure of scirrhus, along with Paget's disease.

Causes of Breast Cancer.

The factors behind breast cancer often are hormonal changes in the body: the entry into menopause, if you find an engaged restructuring of the hormonal regulation from the woman, the ovaries lose their activity, decreased output of progesterone and estrogen, the body is certainly going through, "hormonal crisis." The mammary gland and endometrium (lining from the uterus) are most attentive to these changes, the breast growth begins to dissolve and turn into replaced by fat.

Scientifically established how the female hormones estrogen-, plays a key role inside the progression of breast cancers. The excess hormones in the body creates a favorable background for developing the illness. The least active hormones estrogen behave during pregnancy and after birth - during breastfeeding. It is proved the birth and prolonged breastfeeding (more than 12 months) to cut back the potential risk of developing cancer of the breast. On the other hand, abortion cause hormonal "explosion" inside a woman's body that can trigger the development of tumors. So far there is no consensus about the impact for the growth and development of tumors of hormonal contraceptive drugs, but it is belief that these drugs reduce the potential risk of developing cancer of the breast, but increase the chance of developing cancer of the female genital organs, and osteoporosis. In addition predisposition to cancer of the breast may cause harmful environmental factors: the environment, in addition to inflammatory diseases previously deferred breast - mastitis.

In addition, patients which has a category of first-degree relatives with cancer of the breast (mothers and sisters) probability of making a tumor increasing by more than half - familial varieties of cancer.

Benign breast diseases including fibrocystic breast disease, or fibroadenoz intraduct papillomatosis alone do not cause cancer, but at the same time, create an unfavorable background for the development.

The cause of cancer of the breast would be the connection between radiation, such as irradiation of the chest for other diseases (lung tumors, the lymphatic system), prolonged and frequent chest X-ray studies on inflammatory diseases or pulmonary tuberculosis.

Constitutional obesity can cause cancer from the breast and female reproductive system, with the excess dimply skin inside body, it becomes an outside endocrine organ and actually starts to actively produce hormones-estrogens, whose action and provokes the continuing development of tumors.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

There are a couple of forms of the growth of breast cancers:

- Nodular form, the most frequent, is seen as an a dense knot of 0.5 to 5 cm or maybe more, it's seen as an all from the following symptoms;

- Diffuse. All of them are very aggressive, grow quickly, almost lightning speed, the tumor with no clear boundaries, "spreading" of the breast and skin. For the first couple of forms are characteristic indications of inflammation: pain of the breast, a bright red color from the skin it raises body's temperature to 39 degrees C. In view of such symptoms often occur, and errors in diagnosing patients treated for inflammatory diseases, which are named and they are referred to these forms breast cancers. When tubular carcinoma breast cancer cover like a "skin" of the contracting and decreasing in space.

In some instances, cancer of the breast manifests in the form of metastases in the lymph nodes about the affected side, often ceases to detect the tumor itself - show hidden cancer of the breast.

For small tumors from the breast, any symptoms arise. The most observant ladies and their husbands can detect tumor site inside the gland by accident, but in the large breast to detect small size hard knot. Revealed a knot can be painful when pressed, round, smooth and agile, this speaks in support of a benign tumor. Signs of malignancy other: a tight knot to touch the stone, its surface is uneven, it can be stationary or slightly shifted, could be firmly fixed to the surrounding tissue or skin, usually painless, can reach an important size (a lot more than 3 - 5 cm and sometimes 10-15 cm).

Need to assess the surface from the skin over the tumor: the malignant process will probably be observed retraction in the skin, obtaining in the folds, wrinkles, an indicator of "lemon peel" - a neighborhood swelling with the skin over the tumor, might be a direct tumor invasion to the skin surface, then it will become a bright red colorization and sprawl as "cauliflower."

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