breast pathology ultrasound

breast cancer on ultrasound breast pathology ultrasound
Breast Cancer

Among all cancers in females, he takes consumers. In most cases, breast cancer develops inside the presence of precancerous changes. This is primarily a benign mammary dysplasia and papilloma ducts.

Breast cancer is represented macroscopically nodular and diffuse forms, in addition to cancer with the nipple as well as the nipple of the field (Paget's disease from the breast). For the nodular cancers are seen as the node developing a diameter as high as several centimeters. In certain instances, a tight knot, is permeated with whitish layers tissue penetrating in to the surrounding dimply skin, in others - a soft, juicy for the cut, splits easily. Diffuse prostate type of cancer is roofed for any considerable distance, the contours with the tumor are marked bad. Sometimes the cancer invades the skin and forms for the surface of decaying mushroom formation - a cancerous ulcer. In certain cases, the tumor spreads across the surface of the breast and all sorts of the iron is roofed using a dense shell.

In histological structure would be the following forms of breast cancers:

• noninvasive: intralobular and intraduct;

• infiltrative.

Noninvasive breast cancer could be intralobular (lobular carcinoma in situ), and intraduct (ductal carcinoma in situ).

Infiltrating (invasive) cancer is characterized by varying degrees of tissue and cell irregularities, which permitted to distinguish different degree of malignancy. This type of cancer include, in particular, infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma, which usually gets the structure of scirrhus, as well as Paget's disease.

Causes of Breast Cancer.

The factors behind breast cancer often are hormonal changes in the body: the entry into menopause, when there is an engaged restructuring in the hormonal regulation with the woman, the ovaries lose their activity, decreased output of progesterone and estrogen, our bodies will go through, "hormonal crisis." The mammary gland and endometrium (lining with the uterus) are most responsive to these changes, the breast type tissue begins to dissolve and be replaced by fat.

Scientifically established how the female hormones estrogen-, plays a vital role inside the progression of breast cancer. The excess hormones inside body generates a favorable background for developing the illness. The least active hormones estrogen behave in pregnancy and after birth - during breastfeeding. It is proved how the birth and prolonged breastfeeding (greater than one year) to reduce the potential risk of developing breast cancer. On the other hand, abortion cause hormonal "explosion" in the woman's body that can trigger the development of tumors. So far there's no consensus about the impact on the growth and development of tumors of hormonal contraceptive drugs, however it is belief that these drugs reduce the potential risk of developing cancer of the breast, but increase the potential risk of developing cancer in the female genital organs, and osteoporosis. In addition predisposition to breast cancers could cause harmful environmental factors: the surroundings, and also inflammatory diseases previously deferred breast - mastitis.

In addition, patients with a category of first-degree relatives with breast cancers (mothers and sisters) risk of creating a tumor increasing by more than half - familial types of cancer.

Benign breast diseases including fibrocystic breast disease, or fibroadenoz intraduct papillomatosis alone don't bring about cancer, but at the same time, create an unfavorable background for its development.

The reason for breast cancers could be the outcomes of radiation, such as irradiation from the chest for other diseases (lung tumors, the lymphatic system), prolonged and frequent chest X-ray studies on inflammatory diseases or pulmonary tuberculosis.

Constitutional obesity can bring about cancer with the breast and female reproductive system, having an excess fat within the body, it will become another endocrine organ and starts to actively produce hormones-estrogens, whose action and provokes the growth and development of tumors.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

There are a couple of forms with the growth of breast cancers:

- Nodular form, the most common, is seen as an a dense knot of 0.5 to 5 cm or even more, it can be seen as all of the following symptoms;

- Diffuse. All of them are very aggressive, grow quickly, almost lightning speed, the tumor without clear boundaries, "spreading" from the breast and skin. For the first 2 forms are characteristic indications of inflammation: pain from the breast, a bright red color of the skin it raises body's temperature to 39 degrees C. In view of the symptoms often occur, and errors in proper diagnosis of patients treated for inflammatory diseases, that happen to be named and therefore are referred to these forms breast cancer. When tubular carcinoma breast cancers cover being a "skin" of the contracting and decreasing in proportions.

In some instances, breast cancers manifests inside the form of metastases inside the lymph nodes around the affected side, often ceases to detect the tumor itself - show hidden breast cancers.

For small tumors with the breast, any symptoms arise. The most observant as well as their husbands can detect tumor site in the gland accidentally, but in the large breast to detect small size hard knot. Revealed a knot could be painful when pressed, round, smooth and agile, this speaks in favor of a benign tumor. Signs of malignancy other: a good knot to touch the stone, its surface is uneven, it really is stationary or slightly shifted, can be firmly fixed for the surrounding tissue or skin, usually painless, can reach a tremendous size (greater than 3 - 5 cm and often 10-15 cm).

Need to assess the surface from the skin on the tumor: the malignant process will likely be observed retraction of the skin, collecting inside the folds, wrinkles, a signal of "lemon peel" - a neighborhood swelling of the skin on the tumor, may be a direct tumor invasion to skin surface, then it will become a bright red color and sprawl as "cauliflower."

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