breast pathology ultrasound

breast cancer on ultrasound breast pathology ultrasound
Breast Cancer

Among all cancers in ladies, he takes the first place. In most cases, breast cancers develops in the presence of precancerous changes. This is primarily a benign mammary dysplasia and papilloma ducts.

Breast cancer is represented macroscopically nodular and diffuse forms, as well as cancer with the nipple and the nipple in the field (Paget's disease of the breast). For the nodular cancers are seen as a the node having a diameter up to several centimeters. In certain cases, a decent knot, is permeated with whitish layers tissue penetrating in to the surrounding fat, in others - a soft, juicy about the cut, splits easily. Diffuse cancer of the prostate is covered for the considerable distance, the contours in the tumor are marked bad. Sometimes the cancer invades your skin layer and forms on the surface of decaying mushroom formation - a cancerous ulcer. In some instances, the tumor spreads along the surface of the breast and many types of the iron is roofed using a dense shell.

In histological structure include the following forms of breast cancers:

• noninvasive: intralobular and intraduct;

• infiltrative.

Noninvasive cancer of the breast may be intralobular (lobular carcinoma in situ), and intraduct (ductal carcinoma in situ).

Infiltrating (invasive) cancer is characterized by varying levels of tissue and cell irregularities, which able to distinguish different degree of malignancy. This type of cancer include, particularly, infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma, which in turn has the structure of scirrhus, and also Paget's disease.

Causes of Breast Cancer.

The reasons for breast cancers often are hormonal changes inside the body: the entry into menopause, if you find an active restructuring in the hormonal regulation with the woman, the ovaries lose their activity, decreased output of progesterone and estrogen, one's body is going through, "hormonal crisis." The mammary gland and endometrium (lining in the uterus) are most tuned in to these changes, the breast type tissue actually starts to dissolve and become replaced by fat.

Scientifically established the female hormones estrogen-, plays a vital role inside continuing development of breast cancers. The excess hormones inside body generates a favorable background for developing the disease. The least active hormones estrogen behave during pregnancy and after birth - during breastfeeding. It is proved that the birth and prolonged breastfeeding (more than one year) to cut back the risk of developing breast cancers. On the other hand, abortion cause hormonal "explosion" inside a woman's body that may trigger the growth and development of tumors. So far there's no consensus in regards to the impact on the development of tumors of hormonal contraceptive drugs, but it is considered that these drugs reduce the potential risk of developing breast cancers, but increase the chance of developing cancer from the female genital organs, and osteoporosis. In addition predisposition to breast cancer may cause harmful environmental factors: the surroundings, along with inflammatory diseases previously deferred breast - mastitis.

In addition, patients using a category of first-degree relatives with cancer of the breast (mothers and sisters) probability of creating a tumor increasing by a lot more than half - familial kinds of cancer.

Benign breast diseases including fibrocystic breast disease, or fibroadenoz intraduct papillomatosis alone tend not to result in cancer, but simultaneously, create an unfavorable background because of its development.

The cause of breast cancers would be the results of radiation, including irradiation from the chest for other diseases (lung tumors, the lymphatic system), prolonged and frequent chest X-ray studies on inflammatory diseases or pulmonary tuberculosis.

Constitutional obesity can result in cancer from the breast and female reproductive :, having an excess fatty tissue inside the body, it might be a different endocrine organ and starts to actively produce hormones-estrogens, whose action and provokes the continuing development of tumors.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

There are several forms from the growth of cancer of the breast:

- Nodular form, the most typical, is seen as an a dense knot of 0.5 to five cm or even more, it is characterized by all in the following symptoms;

- Diffuse. All of them are very aggressive, grow quickly, almost lightning speed, the tumor with no clear boundaries, "spreading" with the breast and skin. For the initial two forms are characteristic indications of inflammation: pain in the breast, a bright red colorization of the skin it raises body temperature to 39 degrees C. In view of those symptoms often occur, and errors in carried out patients treated for inflammatory diseases, that happen to be named and are referred to these forms breast cancer. When tubular carcinoma breast cancers cover as being a "skin" of their contracting and decreasing in proportions.

In some instances, cancer of the breast manifests inside form of metastases inside lymph nodes for the affected side, often fails to detect the tumor itself - show hidden breast cancers.

For small tumors of the breast, any symptoms arise. The most observant ladies and their husbands have the ability to detect tumor site in the gland accidentally, but in a large breast to detect small size hard knot. Revealed a knot can be painful when pressed, round, smooth and agile, this speaks for a benign tumor. Signs of malignancy other: a decent knot to touch the stone, its surface is uneven, it is stationary or slightly shifted, might be firmly fixed on the surrounding tissue or skin, usually painless, can reach an important size (more than 3 to 5 cm and often 10-15 cm).

Need to evaluate the surface of the skin within the tumor: the malignant process will be observed retraction in the skin, picking up inside folds, wrinkles, a symptom of "lemon peel" - a local swelling of the skin in the tumor, may be a direct tumor invasion to the skin surface, then it might be a bright red color and sprawl as "cauliflower."

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