DCIS Ductal carcinoma in situ dcis UCSF Radiology

breast cancer on mri DCIS Ductal carcinoma in situ dcis UCSF Radiology
Breast Cancer

Among all cancers in females, he takes the initial place. In most cases, breast cancers develops within the presence of precancerous changes. This is primarily a benign mammary dysplasia and papilloma ducts.

Breast cancer is represented macroscopically nodular and diffuse forms, as well as cancer with the nipple and also the nipple of the field (Paget's disease in the breast). For the nodular cancers are seen as the node having a diameter all the way to several centimeters. In certain instances, a tight knot, is permeated with whitish layers tissue penetrating in the surrounding dimply skin, in others - a soft, juicy on the cut, splits easily. Diffuse cancer of the prostate is covered for the considerable distance, the contours in the tumor are marked bad. Sometimes the cancer invades the skin and forms around the surface of decaying mushroom formation - a cancerous ulcer. In some cases, the tumor spreads down the surface in the breast and all sorts of the iron is roofed with a dense shell.

In histological structure include the following kinds of cancer of the breast:

• noninvasive: intralobular and intraduct;

• infiltrative.

Noninvasive breast cancer could be intralobular (lobular carcinoma in situ), and intraduct (ductal carcinoma in situ).

Infiltrating (invasive) cancer is seen as an varying examples of tissue and cell irregularities, which allowed to distinguish different a higher level malignancy. This type of cancer include, particularly, infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma, which will gets the structure of scirrhus, as well as Paget's disease.

Causes of Breast Cancer.

The reasons behind breast cancers often are hormonal changes in the body: the entry into menopause, when there is an active restructuring from the hormonal regulation of the woman, the ovaries lose their activity, decreased manufacture of progesterone and estrogen, our bodies is certainly going through, "hormonal crisis." The mammary gland and endometrium (lining with the uterus) are most tuned in to these changes, the breast growth actually starts to dissolve and turn into replaced by fat.

Scientifically established the female hormones estrogen-, plays an integral role within the progression of cancer of the breast. The excess hormones within the body generates a favorable background for developing the condition. The least active hormones estrogen behave while pregnant and after birth - during breastfeeding. It is proved how the birth and prolonged breastfeeding (more than one year) to reduce the potential risk of developing breast cancer. On the other hand, abortion lead to hormonal "explosion" inside a woman's body that may trigger the progression of tumors. So far there's no consensus about the impact on the growth and development of tumors of hormonal contraceptive drugs, but it is believed that these drugs reduce the chance of developing breast cancer, but increase the risk of developing cancer from the female genital organs, and osteoporosis. In addition predisposition to cancer of the breast might cause harmful environmental factors: the environment, as well as inflammatory diseases previously deferred breast - mastitis.

In addition, patients using a group of first-degree relatives with breast cancer (mothers and sisters) chance of having a tumor increasing by greater than half - familial kinds of cancer.

Benign breast diseases such as fibrocystic breast disease, or fibroadenoz intraduct papillomatosis alone tend not to lead to cancer, but concurrently, create an unfavorable background for its development.

The cause of breast cancer will be the effects of radiation, like irradiation with the chest for other diseases (lung tumors, the lymphatic system), prolonged and frequent chest X-ray studies on inflammatory diseases or pulmonary tuberculosis.

Constitutional obesity can cause cancer from the breast and female the reproductive system, having an excess dimply skin inside the body, it will become an outside endocrine organ and starts to actively produce hormones-estrogens, whose action and provokes the development of tumors.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

There are several forms of the growth of cancer of the breast:

- Nodular form, the most typical, is seen as a dense knot of 0.5 to five cm or higher, it is seen as an all in the following symptoms;

- Diffuse. All of them are very aggressive, grow quickly, almost lightning speed, the tumor with no clear boundaries, "spreading" from the breast and skin. For the first two forms are characteristic signs and symptoms of inflammation: pain in the breast, a bright red color of the skin it raises body temperature to 39 degrees C. In view of those symptoms often occur, and errors in diagnosis of patients treated for inflammatory diseases, which are named and so are known these forms breast cancers. When tubular carcinoma breast cancer cover as a "skin" of their contracting and decreasing in proportions.

In some instances, cancer of the breast manifests within the form of metastases inside the lymph nodes on the affected side, often doesn't detect the tumor itself - show hidden breast cancer.

For small tumors in the breast, any symptoms arise. The most observant ladies and their husbands are able to detect tumor site inside the gland by chance, but inside a large breast to detect small size hard knot. Revealed a knot can be painful when pressed, round, smooth and agile, this speaks in favor of a benign tumor. Signs of malignancy other: a decent knot to touch the stone, its surface is uneven, it is stationary or slightly shifted, may be firmly fixed for the surrounding tissue or skin, usually painless, can reach a significant size (over 3 - 5 cm and infrequently 10-15 cm).

Need to gauge the surface from the skin on the tumor: the malignant process will be observed retraction with the skin, picking up inside folds, wrinkles, a symptom of "lemon peel" - a neighborhood swelling from the skin within the tumor, may be a direct tumor invasion to your skin surface, then it becomes a bright beautiful red colors and sprawl as "cauliflower."

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