Beneath the Surface: A Guide to Breast Imaging – Breast360.org The American Society of Breast

breast cancer on ultrasound looks like Beneath the Surface: A Guide to Breast Imaging – Breast360.org The American Society of Breast
Breast Cancer

Among all cancers in women, he takes the first place. In most cases, breast cancers develops inside the presence of precancerous changes. This is primarily a benign mammary dysplasia and papilloma ducts.

Breast cancer is represented macroscopically nodular and diffuse forms, as well as cancer in the nipple along with the nipple from the field (Paget's disease in the breast). For the nodular cancers are characterized by the node developing a diameter as high as several centimeters. In some instances, a tight knot, is permeated with whitish layers tissue penetrating to the surrounding fatty tissue, in others - a soft, juicy on the cut, splits easily. Diffuse cancer of prostate is covered for a considerable distance, the contours in the tumor are marked bad. Sometimes the cancer invades your skin and forms about the surface of decaying mushroom formation - a cancerous ulcer. In certain cases, the tumor spreads over the surface from the breast and the iron is included which has a dense shell.

In histological structure are the following kinds of breast cancers:

• noninvasive: intralobular and intraduct;

• infiltrative.

Noninvasive cancer of the breast might be intralobular (lobular carcinoma in situ), and intraduct (ductal carcinoma in situ).

Infiltrating (invasive) cancer is seen as a varying levels of tissue and cell irregularities, which permitted to distinguish different degree of malignancy. This type of cancer include, especially, infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma, which usually has the structure of scirrhus, as well as Paget's disease.

Causes of Breast Cancer.

The factors behind cancer of the breast often are hormonal changes in the body: the entry into menopause, if you have an energetic restructuring of the hormonal regulation from the woman, the ovaries lose their activity, decreased output of progesterone and estrogen, our bodies goes through, "hormonal crisis." The mammary gland and endometrium (lining in the uterus) are most responsive to these changes, the breast growth actually starts to dissolve and stay replaced by fat.

Scientifically established that the female hormones estrogen-, plays an important role inside continuing development of breast cancers. The excess hormones within the body results in a favorable background for developing the disease. The least active hormones estrogen behave in pregnancy and after birth - during breastfeeding. It is proved that this birth and prolonged breastfeeding (a lot more than 1 year) to cut back the chance of developing breast cancers. On the other hand, abortion bring about hormonal "explosion" in a woman's body that will trigger the continuing development of tumors. So far there's no consensus regarding the impact about the progression of tumors of hormonal contraceptive drugs, but it's thought that these drugs reduce the chance of developing cancer of the breast, but increase potential risk of developing cancer from the female genital organs, and osteoporosis. In addition predisposition to breast cancers may cause harmful environmental factors: the environment, and also inflammatory diseases previously deferred breast - mastitis.

In addition, patients having a group of first-degree relatives with breast cancers (mothers and sisters) risk of making a tumor increasing by more than half - familial varieties of cancer.

Benign breast diseases such as fibrocystic breast disease, or fibroadenoz intraduct papillomatosis alone don't cause cancer, but at the same time, create an unfavorable background because of its development.

The reason for breast cancers could be the connection between radiation, for example irradiation from the chest for other diseases (lung tumors, the lymphatic system), prolonged and frequent chest X-ray studies on inflammatory diseases or pulmonary tuberculosis.

Constitutional obesity can result in cancer from the breast and female the reproductive system, with the excess fatty tissue within the body, it is an outside endocrine organ and begins to actively produce hormones-estrogens, whose action and provokes the development of tumors.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

There are several forms from the growth of cancer of the breast:

- Nodular form, the commonest, is seen as a dense knot of 0.5 to five cm or maybe more, it's characterized by all from the following symptoms;

- Diffuse. All of them are very aggressive, grow quickly, almost lightning speed, the tumor with no clear boundaries, "spreading" in the breast and skin. For the first couple of forms are characteristic signs of inflammation: pain of the breast, a bright red colorization in the skin it raises temperature to 39 degrees C. In view of these symptoms often occur, and errors in diagnosing patients treated for inflammatory diseases, which are named and they are described these forms breast cancer. When tubular carcinoma breast cancer cover like a "skin" of the contracting and decreasing in proportions.

In some instances, breast cancer manifests inside form of metastases within the lymph nodes on the affected side, often fails to detect the tumor itself - show hidden cancer of the breast.

For small tumors in the breast, any symptoms arise. The most observant as well as their husbands can detect tumor site in the gland by chance, but in a large breast to detect small size hard knot. Revealed a knot can be painful when pressed, round, smooth and agile, this speaks in favor of a benign tumor. Signs of malignancy other: a good knot to touch the stone, its surface is uneven, it can be stationary or slightly shifted, might be firmly fixed to the surrounding tissue or skin, usually painless, can reach a tremendous size (a lot more than 3 - 5 cm and infrequently 10-15 cm).

Need to gauge the surface with the skin in the tumor: the malignant process will probably be observed retraction in the skin, obtaining in the folds, wrinkles, an indicator of "lemon peel" - a nearby swelling in the skin in the tumor, is often a direct tumor invasion to the skin surface, then it might be a bright red colorization and sprawl as "cauliflower."

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