breast pathology ultrasound

breast cancer on ultrasound breast pathology ultrasound
Breast Cancer

Among all cancers in ladies, he takes the initial place. In most cases, breast cancers develops within the presence of precancerous changes. This is primarily a benign mammary dysplasia and papilloma ducts.

Breast cancer is represented macroscopically nodular and diffuse forms, along with cancer of the nipple and the nipple of the field (Paget's disease in the breast). For the nodular cancers are characterized by the node developing a diameter up to several centimeters. In some instances, a good knot, is permeated with whitish layers tissue penetrating in the surrounding fat, on other occasions - a soft, juicy for the cut, splits easily. Diffuse cancer of prostate is included to get a considerable distance, the contours in the tumor are marked bad. Sometimes the cancer invades skin and forms for the surface of decaying mushroom formation - a cancerous ulcer. In some cases, the tumor spreads across the surface in the breast and all the iron is included having a dense shell.

In histological structure will be the following kinds of breast cancer:

• noninvasive: intralobular and intraduct;

• infiltrative.

Noninvasive breast cancers may be intralobular (lobular carcinoma in situ), and intraduct (ductal carcinoma in situ).

Infiltrating (invasive) cancer is seen as an varying examples of tissue and cell irregularities, which in a position to distinguish different level of malignancy. This type of cancer include, in particular, infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma, which will gets the structure of scirrhus, along with Paget's disease.

Causes of Breast Cancer.

The reasons for breast cancer often are hormonal changes inside the body: the entry into menopause, should there be a dynamic restructuring in the hormonal regulation from the woman, the ovaries lose their activity, decreased creation of progesterone and estrogen, your body goes through, "hormonal crisis." The mammary gland and endometrium (lining from the uterus) are most responsive to these changes, the breast type tissue starts to dissolve and turn into replaced by fat.

Scientifically established that this female hormones estrogen-, plays a key role in the growth and development of cancer of the breast. The excess hormones in the body produces a favorable background for developing the disease. The least active hormones estrogen behave in pregnancy and after birth - during breastfeeding. It is proved the birth and prolonged breastfeeding (greater than twelve months) to relieve the potential risk of developing breast cancers. On the other hand, abortion result in hormonal "explosion" in a woman's body that can trigger the development of tumors. So far there is no consensus about the impact about the progression of tumors of hormonal contraceptive drugs, but it is belief that these drugs reduce the potential risk of developing breast cancer, but increase the chance of developing cancer from the female genital organs, and osteoporosis. In addition predisposition to breast cancers might cause harmful environmental factors: the environment, along with inflammatory diseases previously deferred breast - mastitis.

In addition, patients having a category of first-degree relatives with cancer of the breast (mothers and sisters) risk of making a tumor increasing by over half - familial types of cancer.

Benign breast diseases for example fibrocystic breast disease, or fibroadenoz intraduct papillomatosis alone tend not to result in cancer, but simultaneously, create an unfavorable background because of its development.

The reason behind cancer of the breast could be the results of radiation, like irradiation from the chest for other diseases (lung tumors, the lymphatic system), prolonged and frequent chest X-ray studies on inflammatory diseases or pulmonary tuberculosis.

Constitutional obesity can bring about cancer of the breast and female reproductive system, having an excess fat within the body, it is another endocrine organ and actually starts to actively produce hormones-estrogens, whose action and provokes the continuing development of tumors.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

There are several forms from the growth of breast cancer:

- Nodular form, the most frequent, is seen as a dense knot of 0.5 to cm or even more, it can be seen as a all from the following symptoms;

- Diffuse. All of them are very aggressive, grow quickly, almost lightning speed, the tumor without clear boundaries, "spreading" with the breast and skin. For the first couple of forms are characteristic indications of inflammation: pain in the breast, a bright red colorization of the skin it raises temperature to 39 degrees C. In view of the symptoms often occur, and errors in proper diagnosis of patients treated for inflammatory diseases, which can be named and they are known these forms breast cancer. When tubular carcinoma cancer of the breast cover as a "skin" of their contracting and decreasing in proportions.

In some instances, breast cancers manifests within the form of metastases in the lymph nodes around the affected side, often fails to detect the tumor itself - show hidden breast cancers.

For small tumors from the breast, any symptoms arise. The most observant as well as their husbands can detect tumor site within the gland by accident, but in a large breast to detect small size hard knot. Revealed a knot might be painful when pressed, round, smooth and agile, this speaks in favor of a benign tumor. Signs of malignancy other: a decent knot to touch the stone, its surface is uneven, it's stationary or slightly shifted, may be firmly fixed to the surrounding tissue or skin, usually painless, can reach a significant size (a lot more than 3 - 5 cm and sometimes 10-15 cm).

Need to assess the surface of the skin over the tumor: the malignant process is going to be observed retraction with the skin, obtaining in the folds, wrinkles, an indicator of "lemon peel" - an area swelling with the skin in the tumor, can be a direct tumor invasion to your skin layer surface, then it becomes a bright red color and sprawl as "cauliflower."

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