breast pathology ultrasound

breast cancer on ultrasound breast pathology ultrasound
Breast Cancer

Among all cancers in females, he takes the ultimate place. In most cases, breast cancers develops inside the presence of precancerous changes. This is primarily a benign mammary dysplasia and papilloma ducts.

Breast cancer is represented macroscopically nodular and diffuse forms, and also cancer with the nipple along with the nipple from the field (Paget's disease in the breast). For the nodular cancers are seen as an the node using a diameter of up to several centimeters. In certain instances, a good knot, is permeated with whitish layers tissue penetrating in the surrounding fat, on other occasions - a soft, juicy about the cut, splits easily. Diffuse cancer of prostate is covered for a considerable distance, the contours with the tumor are marked bad. Sometimes the cancer invades your skin and forms on the surface of decaying mushroom formation - a cancerous ulcer. In some cases, the tumor spreads over the surface in the breast and the iron is covered with a dense shell.

In histological structure would be the following varieties of breast cancer:

• noninvasive: intralobular and intraduct;

• infiltrative.

Noninvasive cancer of the breast may be intralobular (lobular carcinoma in situ), and intraduct (ductal carcinoma in situ).

Infiltrating (invasive) cancer is seen as a varying degrees of tissue and cell irregularities, which in a position to distinguish different a higher level malignancy. This type of cancer include, particularly, infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma, which often has the structure of scirrhus, as well as Paget's disease.

Causes of Breast Cancer.

The causes of breast cancers often are hormonal changes in the body: the entry into menopause, should there be an energetic restructuring with the hormonal regulation in the woman, the ovaries lose their activity, decreased manufacture of progesterone and estrogen, our bodies is going through, "hormonal crisis." The mammary gland and endometrium (lining from the uterus) are most tuned in to these changes, the breast tissue starts to dissolve and turn into replaced by fat.

Scientifically established the female hormones estrogen-, plays a vital role inside the development of breast cancer. The excess hormones inside the body produces a favorable background for developing the sickness. The least active hormones estrogen behave when pregnant and after birth - during breastfeeding. It is proved that the birth and prolonged breastfeeding (more than one year) to reduce potential risk of developing cancer of the breast. On the other hand, abortion bring about hormonal "explosion" in a very woman's body that may trigger the growth and development of tumors. So far there's no consensus about the impact on the continuing development of tumors of hormonal contraceptive drugs, but it's belief that these drugs reduce the chance of developing breast cancer, but increase the potential risk of developing cancer in the female genital organs, and osteoporosis. In addition predisposition to cancer of the breast may cause harmful environmental factors: the surroundings, along with inflammatory diseases previously deferred breast - mastitis.

In addition, patients using a family of first-degree relatives with cancer of the breast (mothers and sisters) risk of having a tumor increasing by greater than half - familial kinds of cancer.

Benign breast diseases including fibrocystic breast disease, or fibroadenoz intraduct papillomatosis alone tend not to bring about cancer, but concurrently, create an unfavorable background due to the development.

The reason behind cancer of the breast could be the outcomes of radiation, such as irradiation of the chest for other diseases (lung tumors, the lymphatic system), prolonged and frequent chest X-ray studies on inflammatory diseases or pulmonary tuberculosis.

Constitutional obesity can cause cancer in the breast and female reproductive :, with an excess dimply skin inside the body, it will become a separate endocrine organ and begins to actively produce hormones-estrogens, whose action and provokes the progression of tumors.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

There are some forms with the growth of cancer of the breast:

- Nodular form, the commonest, is seen as an a dense knot of 0.5 to five cm or maybe more, it is characterized by all from the following symptoms;

- Diffuse. All of them are very aggressive, grow quickly, almost lightning speed, the tumor without clear boundaries, "spreading" of the breast and skin. For the first two forms are characteristic signs and symptoms of inflammation: pain in the breast, a bright beautiful red colors from the skin it raises temperature to 39 degrees C. In view of the symptoms often occur, and errors in proper diagnosis of patients treated for inflammatory diseases, that happen to be named and therefore are known as these forms breast cancers. When tubular carcinoma cancer of the breast cover as a "skin" of the company's contracting and decreasing in size.

In certain instances, cancer of the breast manifests inside form of metastases within the lymph nodes for the affected side, often does not detect the tumor itself - show hidden breast cancers.

For small tumors in the breast, any symptoms arise. The most observant women and their husbands have the ability to detect tumor site within the gland accidentally, but in a large breast to detect small size hard knot. Revealed a knot may be painful when pressed, round, smooth and agile, this speaks in favor of a benign tumor. Signs of malignancy other: a good knot to touch the stone, its surface is uneven, it's stationary or slightly shifted, can be firmly fixed on the surrounding tissue or skin, usually painless, can reach a tremendous size (more than 3 - 5 cm and infrequently 10-15 cm).

Need to evaluate the surface with the skin within the tumor: the malignant process will likely be observed retraction of the skin, picking up within the folds, wrinkles, an indication of "lemon peel" - a local swelling in the skin within the tumor, is often a direct tumor invasion to skin surface, then it will become a bright red colorization and sprawl as "cauliflower."

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