Mammography screening intervals may affect breast cancer prognosis

breast cancer on mammogram Mammography screening intervals may affect breast cancer prognosis
Breast Cancer

Among all cancers in ladies, he takes consumers. In most cases, cancer of the breast develops within the presence of precancerous changes. This is primarily a benign mammary dysplasia and papilloma ducts.

Breast cancer is represented macroscopically nodular and diffuse forms, in addition to cancer of the nipple as well as the nipple of the field (Paget's disease from the breast). For the nodular cancers are seen as an the node developing a diameter of up to several centimeters. In some instances, a strong knot, is permeated with whitish layers tissue penetrating into the surrounding dimply skin, on other occasions - a soft, juicy for the cut, splits easily. Diffuse cancer of prostate is included for a considerable distance, the contours from the tumor are marked bad. Sometimes the cancer invades the skin and forms on the surface of decaying mushroom formation - a cancerous ulcer. In certain instances, the tumor spreads over the surface from the breast and all the iron is included which has a dense shell.

In histological structure include the following kinds of breast cancer:

• noninvasive: intralobular and intraduct;

• infiltrative.

Noninvasive breast cancer might be intralobular (lobular carcinoma in situ), and intraduct (ductal carcinoma in situ).

Infiltrating (invasive) cancer is characterized by varying degrees of tissue and cell irregularities, which allowed to distinguish different level of malignancy. This type of cancer include, especially, infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma, which will has got the structure of scirrhus, as well as Paget's disease.

Causes of Breast Cancer.

The causes of breast cancers often are hormonal changes inside the body: the entry into menopause, should there be an active restructuring of the hormonal regulation with the woman, the ovaries lose their activity, decreased creation of progesterone and estrogen, the body goes through, "hormonal crisis." The mammary gland and endometrium (lining from the uterus) are most understanding of these changes, the breast type tissue starts to dissolve and become replaced by fat.

Scientifically established that the female hormones estrogen-, plays a vital role in the continuing development of breast cancers. The excess hormones within the body produces a favorable background for developing the disease. The least active hormones estrogen behave in pregnancy and after birth - during breastfeeding. It is proved that this birth and prolonged breastfeeding (a lot more than one year) to lessen the potential risk of developing cancer of the breast. On the other hand, abortion result in hormonal "explosion" inside a woman's body that will trigger the growth and development of tumors. So far there is no consensus concerning the impact around the growth and development of tumors of hormonal contraceptive drugs, yet it's believed that these drugs reduce the potential risk of developing breast cancer, but increase the potential risk of developing cancer in the female genital organs, and osteoporosis. In addition predisposition to breast cancers may cause harmful environmental factors: the environment, as well as inflammatory diseases previously deferred breast - mastitis.

In addition, patients using a family of first-degree relatives with breast cancers (mothers and sisters) likelihood of having a tumor increasing by more than half - familial varieties of cancer.

Benign breast diseases such as fibrocystic breast disease, or fibroadenoz intraduct papillomatosis alone tend not to result in cancer, but at the same time, create an unfavorable background for its development.

The reason for cancer of the breast could be the connection between radiation, like irradiation of the chest for other diseases (lung tumors, the lymphatic system), prolonged and frequent chest X-ray studies on inflammatory diseases or pulmonary tuberculosis.

Constitutional obesity can bring about cancer from the breast and female reproductive system, with an excess fat in the body, it is a separate endocrine organ and begins to actively produce hormones-estrogens, whose action and provokes the growth and development of tumors.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

There are several forms in the growth of breast cancers:

- Nodular form, the most common, is characterized by a dense knot of 0.5 to five cm or even more, it is seen as all of the following symptoms;

- Diffuse. All of them are very aggressive, grow quickly, almost lightning speed, the tumor without any clear boundaries, "spreading" from the breast and skin. For the initial two forms are characteristic indications of inflammation: pain of the breast, a bright red colorization in the skin it raises body temperature to 39 degrees C. In view of those symptoms often occur, and errors in carried out patients treated for inflammatory diseases, that happen to be named and are referred to these forms breast cancers. When tubular carcinoma breast cancers cover being a "skin" of their contracting and decreasing in size.

In some instances, cancer of the breast manifests in the form of metastases within the lymph nodes for the affected side, often does not detect the tumor itself - show hidden breast cancers.

For small tumors in the breast, any symptoms arise. The most observant women and their husbands are able to detect tumor site inside gland by accident, but in a large breast to detect small size hard knot. Revealed a knot might be painful when pressed, round, smooth and agile, this speaks for a benign tumor. Signs of malignancy other: a decent knot to touch the stone, its surface is uneven, it can be stationary or slightly shifted, might be firmly fixed to the surrounding tissue or skin, usually painless, can reach an important size (a lot more than three to five cm and sometimes 10-15 cm).

Need to evaluate the surface from the skin in the tumor: the malignant process is going to be observed retraction in the skin, collecting inside the folds, wrinkles, a signal of "lemon peel" - a neighborhood swelling from the skin within the tumor, might be a direct tumor invasion to the skin surface, then it is a bright beautiful red colors and sprawl as "cauliflower."

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