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Breast Cancer

Among all cancers in women, he takes the initial place. In most cases, breast cancer develops inside the presence of precancerous changes. This is primarily a benign mammary dysplasia and papilloma ducts.

Breast cancer is represented macroscopically nodular and diffuse forms, along with cancer from the nipple along with the nipple in the field (Paget's disease in the breast). For the nodular cancers are characterized by the node developing a diameter as high as several centimeters. In some instances, a good knot, is permeated with whitish layers tissue penetrating to the surrounding dimply skin, in others - a soft, juicy for the cut, splits easily. Diffuse cancer of the prostate is roofed to get a considerable distance, the contours from the tumor are marked bad. Sometimes the cancer invades the skin and forms around the surface of decaying mushroom formation - a cancerous ulcer. In some cases, the tumor spreads across the surface from the breast and the iron is covered which has a dense shell.

In histological structure include the following types of cancer of the breast:

• noninvasive: intralobular and intraduct;

• infiltrative.

Noninvasive cancer of the breast can be intralobular (lobular carcinoma in situ), and intraduct (ductal carcinoma in situ).

Infiltrating (invasive) cancer is seen as an varying degrees of tissue and cell irregularities, which allowed to distinguish different a higher level malignancy. This type of cancer include, especially, infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma, which usually has the structure of scirrhus, and also Paget's disease.

Causes of Breast Cancer.

The causes of cancer of the breast often are hormonal changes in the body: the entry into menopause, should there be an engaged restructuring of the hormonal regulation from the woman, the ovaries lose their activity, decreased production of progesterone and estrogen, the body is going through, "hormonal crisis." The mammary gland and endometrium (lining with the uterus) are most responsive to these changes, the breast growth actually starts to dissolve and stay replaced by fat.

Scientifically established that the female hormones estrogen-, plays an important role inside progression of breast cancers. The excess hormones in the body creates a favorable background for developing the disease. The least active hormones estrogen behave when pregnant and after birth - during breastfeeding. It is proved how the birth and prolonged breastfeeding (a lot more than 1 year) to lessen the potential risk of developing breast cancer. On the other hand, abortion result in hormonal "explosion" in a woman's body that could trigger the continuing development of tumors. So far there isn't any consensus concerning the impact about the continuing development of tumors of hormonal contraceptive drugs, but it's thought that these drugs reduce the risk of developing breast cancers, but increase the potential risk of developing cancer with the female genital organs, and osteoporosis. In addition predisposition to breast cancer can cause harmful environmental factors: the planet, along with inflammatory diseases previously deferred breast - mastitis.

In addition, patients with a category of first-degree relatives with cancer of the breast (mothers and sisters) risk of developing a tumor increasing by a lot more than half - familial forms of cancer.

Benign breast diseases for example fibrocystic breast disease, or fibroadenoz intraduct papillomatosis alone don't lead to cancer, but as well, create an unfavorable background for its development.

The reason behind breast cancer will be the connection between radiation, including irradiation of the chest for other diseases (lung tumors, the lymphatic system), prolonged and frequent chest X-ray studies on inflammatory diseases or pulmonary tuberculosis.

Constitutional obesity can bring about cancer with the breast and female the reproductive system, with an excess fatty tissue inside body, it will become another endocrine organ and actually starts to actively produce hormones-estrogens, whose action and provokes the growth and development of tumors.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

There are many forms with the growth of breast cancers:

- Nodular form, the commonest, is seen as a a dense knot of 0.5 to 5 cm or higher, it can be characterized by all of the following symptoms;

- Diffuse. All of them are very aggressive, grow quickly, almost lightning speed, the tumor without any clear boundaries, "spreading" in the breast and skin. For the first two forms are characteristic signs and symptoms of inflammation: pain of the breast, a bright red colorization of the skin it raises temperature to 39 degrees C. In view of these symptoms often occur, and errors in diagnosing patients treated for inflammatory diseases, that are named and they are referred to these forms breast cancers. When tubular carcinoma breast cancers cover being a "skin" of its contracting and decreasing in dimensions.

In certain instances, breast cancers manifests within the form of metastases within the lymph nodes on the affected side, often fails to detect the tumor itself - show hidden breast cancers.

For small tumors of the breast, any symptoms arise. The most observant women and their husbands can easily detect tumor site in the gland unintentionally, but in a very large breast to detect small size hard knot. Revealed a knot might be painful when pressed, round, smooth and agile, this speaks in favor of a benign tumor. Signs of malignancy other: a decent knot to touch the stone, its surface is uneven, it is stationary or slightly shifted, could be firmly fixed towards the surrounding tissue or skin, usually painless, can reach a significant size (over 3 - 5 cm and often 10-15 cm).

Need to assess the surface from the skin within the tumor: the malignant process is going to be observed retraction from the skin, collecting inside the folds, wrinkles, an indication of "lemon peel" - a neighborhood swelling of the skin on the tumor, is often a direct tumor invasion to your skin layer surface, then it is a bright red colorization and sprawl as "cauliflower."

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