Breast Lumps in Young Women: Diagnostic Approaches

breast cancer on ultrasound Breast Lumps in Young Women: Diagnostic Approaches
Breast Cancer

Among all cancers in ladies, he takes the ultimate place. In most cases, cancer of the breast develops within the presence of precancerous changes. This is primarily a benign mammary dysplasia and papilloma ducts.

Breast cancer is represented macroscopically nodular and diffuse forms, in addition to cancer from the nipple and the nipple with the field (Paget's disease with the breast). For the nodular cancers are seen as a the node using a diameter all the way to several centimeters. In certain instances, a decent knot, is permeated with whitish layers tissue penetrating into the surrounding fat, on other occasions - a soft, juicy on the cut, splits easily. Diffuse prostate type of cancer is roofed for a considerable distance, the contours from the tumor are marked bad. Sometimes the cancer invades your skin layer and forms about the surface of decaying mushroom formation - a cancerous ulcer. In some instances, the tumor spreads along the surface with the breast and the iron is covered using a dense shell.

In histological structure include the following types of cancer of the breast:

• noninvasive: intralobular and intraduct;

• infiltrative.

Noninvasive breast cancer might be intralobular (lobular carcinoma in situ), and intraduct (ductal carcinoma in situ).

Infiltrating (invasive) cancer is seen as an varying degrees of tissue and cell irregularities, which able to distinguish different a higher level malignancy. This type of cancer include, particularly, infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma, which in turn has got the structure of scirrhus, in addition to Paget's disease.

Causes of Breast Cancer.

The reasons for cancer of the breast often are hormonal changes inside the body: the entry into menopause, should there be an active restructuring of the hormonal regulation in the woman, the ovaries lose their activity, decreased creation of progesterone and estrogen, your body is going through, "hormonal crisis." The mammary gland and endometrium (lining from the uterus) are most responsive to these changes, the breast tissue actually starts to dissolve and be replaced by fat.

Scientifically established the female hormones estrogen-, plays an integral role inside the continuing development of breast cancers. The excess hormones inside the body generates a favorable background for developing the illness. The least active hormones estrogen behave while pregnant and after birth - during breastfeeding. It is proved how the birth and prolonged breastfeeding (over one year) to cut back potential risk of developing cancer of the breast. On the other hand, abortion result in hormonal "explosion" inside a woman's body that can trigger the continuing development of tumors. So far there isn't any consensus about the impact around the growth and development of tumors of hormonal contraceptive drugs, however it is believed that these drugs reduce the potential risk of developing cancer of the breast, but increase potential risk of developing cancer from the female genital organs, and osteoporosis. In addition predisposition to breast cancers could cause harmful environmental factors: the planet, as well as inflammatory diseases previously deferred breast - mastitis.

In addition, patients using a family of first-degree relatives with cancer of the breast (mothers and sisters) risk of having a tumor increasing by a lot more than half - familial types of cancer.

Benign breast diseases such as fibrocystic breast disease, or fibroadenoz intraduct papillomatosis alone usually do not result in cancer, but concurrently, create an unfavorable background for the development.

The cause of breast cancer could be the connection between radiation, for example irradiation from the chest for other diseases (lung tumors, the lymphatic system), prolonged and frequent chest X-ray studies on inflammatory diseases or pulmonary tuberculosis.

Constitutional obesity can bring about cancer with the breast and female reproductive system, by having an excess dimply skin within the body, it will become another endocrine organ and begins to actively produce hormones-estrogens, whose action and provokes the progression of tumors.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

There are some forms with the growth of cancer of the breast:

- Nodular form, the commonest, is seen as a a dense knot of 0.5 to 5 cm or more, it really is characterized by all in the following symptoms;

- Diffuse. All of them are very aggressive, grow quickly, almost lightning speed, the tumor without clear boundaries, "spreading" from the breast and skin. For the first couple of forms are characteristic signs of inflammation: pain from the breast, a bright red colorization in the skin it raises body temperature to 39 degrees C. In view of such symptoms often occur, and errors in diagnosing patients treated for inflammatory diseases, which are named and so are known as these forms breast cancers. When tubular carcinoma cancer of the breast cover being a "skin" of the company's contracting and decreasing in proportions.

In certain instances, cancer of the breast manifests inside form of metastases in the lymph nodes about the affected side, often does not detect the tumor itself - show hidden breast cancer.

For small tumors in the breast, any symptoms arise. The most observant ladies and their husbands have the ability to detect tumor site within the gland by accident, but in the large breast to detect small size hard knot. Revealed a knot could be painful when pressed, round, smooth and agile, this speaks and only a benign tumor. Signs of malignancy other: a decent knot to touch the stone, its surface is uneven, it can be stationary or slightly shifted, may be firmly fixed on the surrounding tissue or skin, usually painless, can reach a significant size (a lot more than 3 - 5 cm and often 10-15 cm).

Need to gauge the surface of the skin within the tumor: the malignant process will probably be observed retraction from the skin, obtaining inside the folds, wrinkles, a symptom of "lemon peel" - a neighborhood swelling of the skin over the tumor, is often a direct tumor invasion to skin surface, then it will become a bright red colorization and sprawl as "cauliflower."

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