breast pathology ultrasound

breast cancer on ultrasound breast pathology ultrasound
Breast Cancer

Among all cancers in ladies, he takes the ultimate place. In most cases, breast cancer develops inside presence of precancerous changes. This is primarily a benign mammary dysplasia and papilloma ducts.

Breast cancer is represented macroscopically nodular and diffuse forms, in addition to cancer of the nipple along with the nipple from the field (Paget's disease of the breast). For the nodular cancers are seen as an the node developing a diameter as high as several centimeters. In some cases, a decent knot, is permeated with whitish layers tissue penetrating in the surrounding dimply skin, in others - a soft, juicy for the cut, splits easily. Diffuse prostate cancer is included for any considerable distance, the contours of the tumor are marked bad. Sometimes the cancer invades your skin layer and forms about the surface of decaying mushroom formation - a cancerous ulcer. In some instances, the tumor spreads along the surface in the breast and all the iron is covered having a dense shell.

In histological structure will be the following forms of cancer of the breast:

• noninvasive: intralobular and intraduct;

• infiltrative.

Noninvasive breast cancers can be intralobular (lobular carcinoma in situ), and intraduct (ductal carcinoma in situ).

Infiltrating (invasive) cancer is seen as varying levels of tissue and cell irregularities, which able to distinguish different degree of malignancy. This type of cancer include, especially, infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma, which usually has got the structure of scirrhus, in addition to Paget's disease.

Causes of Breast Cancer.

The reasons behind cancer of the breast often are hormonal changes within the body: the entry into menopause, should there be an energetic restructuring in the hormonal regulation from the woman, the ovaries lose their activity, decreased output of progesterone and estrogen, the body will go through, "hormonal crisis." The mammary gland and endometrium (lining with the uterus) are most understanding of these changes, the breast type tissue begins to dissolve and turn into replaced by fat.

Scientifically established that this female hormones estrogen-, plays an integral role within the development of breast cancer. The excess hormones within the body results in a favorable background for developing the sickness. The least active hormones estrogen behave when pregnant and after birth - during breastfeeding. It is proved how the birth and prolonged breastfeeding (greater than twelve months) to cut back the chance of developing breast cancer. On the other hand, abortion cause hormonal "explosion" in a woman's body that can trigger the growth and development of tumors. So far there isn't any consensus regarding the impact about the progression of tumors of hormonal contraceptive drugs, yet it's considered that these drugs reduce the chance of developing cancer of the breast, but increase the potential risk of developing cancer in the female genital organs, and osteoporosis. In addition predisposition to breast cancer can cause harmful environmental factors: environmental surroundings, and also inflammatory diseases previously deferred breast - mastitis.

In addition, patients using a family of first-degree relatives with breast cancer (mothers and sisters) chance of creating a tumor increasing by a lot more than half - familial varieties of cancer.

Benign breast diseases including fibrocystic breast disease, or fibroadenoz intraduct papillomatosis alone tend not to result in cancer, but as well, create an unfavorable background for its development.

The cause of breast cancer would be the outcomes of radiation, such as irradiation from the chest for other diseases (lung tumors, the lymphatic system), prolonged and frequent chest X-ray studies on inflammatory diseases or pulmonary tuberculosis.

Constitutional obesity can bring about cancer in the breast and female reproductive system, with an excess fatty tissue inside the body, it is another endocrine organ and actually starts to actively produce hormones-estrogens, whose action and provokes the growth and development of tumors.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

There are many forms in the growth of cancer of the breast:

- Nodular form, the most typical, is characterized by a dense knot of 0.5 to cm or even more, it really is seen as all with the following symptoms;

- Diffuse. All of them are very aggressive, grow quickly, almost lightning speed, the tumor without having clear boundaries, "spreading" with the breast and skin. For the first two forms are characteristic warning signs of inflammation: pain with the breast, a bright beautiful red colors of the skin it raises temperature to 39 degrees C. In view of those symptoms often occur, and errors in proper diagnosis of patients treated for inflammatory diseases, which are named and so are described these forms breast cancers. When tubular carcinoma cancer of the breast cover like a "skin" of their contracting and decreasing in space.

In certain instances, cancer of the breast manifests inside form of metastases in the lymph nodes on the affected side, often ceases to detect the tumor itself - show hidden breast cancer.

For small tumors with the breast, any symptoms arise. The most observant ladies and their husbands can detect tumor site within the gland unintentionally, but inside a large breast to detect small size hard knot. Revealed a knot might be painful when pressed, round, smooth and agile, this speaks in support of a benign tumor. Signs of malignancy other: a tight knot to touch the stone, its surface is uneven, it's stationary or slightly shifted, can be firmly fixed towards the surrounding tissue or skin, usually painless, can reach a tremendous size (more than 3 - 5 cm and often 10-15 cm).

Need to evaluate the surface from the skin in the tumor: the malignant process will likely be observed retraction from the skin, buying inside the folds, wrinkles, a symptom of "lemon peel" - an area swelling from the skin within the tumor, may be a direct tumor invasion to skin surface, then it becomes a bright beautiful red colors and sprawl as "cauliflower."

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