No overall survival benefits to regional nodal irradiation for earlystage breast cancer

breast cancer on mri No overall survival benefits to regional nodal irradiation for earlystage breast cancer
Breast Cancer

Among all cancers ladies, he takes consumers. In most cases, breast cancers develops in the presence of precancerous changes. This is primarily a benign mammary dysplasia and papilloma ducts.

Breast cancer is represented macroscopically nodular and diffuse forms, as well as cancer from the nipple and the nipple in the field (Paget's disease of the breast). For the nodular cancers are characterized by the node having a diameter of up to several centimeters. In some cases, a strong knot, is permeated with whitish layers tissue penetrating in the surrounding fatty tissue, in other people - a soft, juicy on the cut, splits easily. Diffuse prostate type of cancer is included for a considerable distance, the contours of the tumor are marked bad. Sometimes the cancer invades the skin and forms about the surface of decaying mushroom formation - a cancerous ulcer. In some instances, the tumor spreads across the surface from the breast and all the iron is included with a dense shell.

In histological structure would be the following forms of breast cancer:

• noninvasive: intralobular and intraduct;

• infiltrative.

Noninvasive breast cancers can be intralobular (lobular carcinoma in situ), and intraduct (ductal carcinoma in situ).

Infiltrating (invasive) cancer is seen as a varying examples of tissue and cell irregularities, which allowed to distinguish different level of malignancy. This type of cancer include, in particular, infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma, which usually contains the structure of scirrhus, in addition to Paget's disease.

Causes of Breast Cancer.

The reasons behind cancer of the breast often are hormonal changes in the body: the entry into menopause, if you have an energetic restructuring from the hormonal regulation from the woman, the ovaries lose their activity, decreased creation of progesterone and estrogen, one's body is going through, "hormonal crisis." The mammary gland and endometrium (lining from the uterus) are most attentive to these changes, the breast tissue starts to dissolve and become replaced by fat.

Scientifically established the female hormones estrogen-, plays an integral role in the growth and development of breast cancers. The excess hormones inside the body results in a favorable background for developing the condition. The least active hormones estrogen behave in pregnancy and after birth - during breastfeeding. It is proved that the birth and prolonged breastfeeding (more than twelve months) to reduce potential risk of developing breast cancer. On the other hand, abortion bring about hormonal "explosion" in a very woman's body that may trigger the development of tumors. So far there isn't any consensus about the impact for the continuing development of tumors of hormonal contraceptive drugs, however it is considered that these drugs reduce the potential risk of developing breast cancers, but increase the chance of developing cancer in the female genital organs, and osteoporosis. In addition predisposition to cancer of the breast may cause harmful environmental factors: the surroundings, in addition to inflammatory diseases previously deferred breast - mastitis.

In addition, patients using a category of first-degree relatives with breast cancers (mothers and sisters) chance of developing a tumor increasing by more than half - familial forms of cancer.

Benign breast diseases for example fibrocystic breast disease, or fibroadenoz intraduct papillomatosis alone tend not to lead to cancer, but at the same time, create an unfavorable background for its development.

The reason behind breast cancer could be the outcomes of radiation, including irradiation in the chest for other diseases (lung tumors, the lymphatic system), prolonged and frequent chest X-ray studies on inflammatory diseases or pulmonary tuberculosis.

Constitutional obesity can cause cancer with the breast and female reproductive system, with the excess fat inside body, it is another endocrine organ and actually starts to actively produce hormones-estrogens, whose action and provokes the growth and development of tumors.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

There are some forms from the growth of cancer of the breast:

- Nodular form, the most common, is seen as a a dense knot of 0.5 to 5 cm or higher, it really is seen as a all of the following symptoms;

- Diffuse. All of them are very aggressive, grow quickly, almost lightning speed, the tumor without clear boundaries, "spreading" in the breast and skin. For the first two forms are characteristic warning signs of inflammation: pain in the breast, a bright red color from the skin it raises temperature to 39 degrees C. In view of the symptoms often occur, and errors in diagnosing patients treated for inflammatory diseases, that happen to be named and are known as these forms cancer of the breast. When tubular carcinoma breast cancers cover like a "skin" of their contracting and decreasing in space.

In certain instances, breast cancer manifests inside the form of metastases inside lymph nodes on the affected side, often fails to detect the tumor itself - show hidden breast cancer.

For small tumors from the breast, any symptoms arise. The most observant ladies and their husbands can detect tumor site inside gland unintentionally, but inside a large breast to detect small size hard knot. Revealed a knot might be painful when pressed, round, smooth and agile, this speaks and only a benign tumor. Signs of malignancy other: a decent knot to touch the stone, its surface is uneven, it really is stationary or slightly shifted, may be firmly fixed on the surrounding tissue or skin, usually painless, can reach a significant size (greater than three to five cm and sometimes 10-15 cm).

Need to evaluate the surface with the skin on the tumor: the malignant process is going to be observed retraction of the skin, obtaining in the folds, wrinkles, an indication of "lemon peel" - a neighborhood swelling with the skin within the tumor, can be a direct tumor invasion to your skin layer surface, then it will become a bright beautiful red colors and sprawl as "cauliflower."

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