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Breast Cancer

Among all cancers in women, he takes the first place. In most cases, cancer of the breast develops inside presence of precancerous changes. This is primarily a benign mammary dysplasia and papilloma ducts.

Breast cancer is represented macroscopically nodular and diffuse forms, as well as cancer of the nipple and the nipple with the field (Paget's disease in the breast). For the nodular cancers are seen as an the node creating a diameter all the way to several centimeters. In certain instances, a tight knot, is permeated with whitish layers tissue penetrating in to the surrounding fat, on other occasions - a soft, juicy on the cut, splits easily. Diffuse prostate cancer is covered for the considerable distance, the contours in the tumor are marked bad. Sometimes the cancer invades your skin and forms on the surface of decaying mushroom formation - a cancerous ulcer. In some cases, the tumor spreads down the surface with the breast and many types of the iron is roofed having a dense shell.

In histological structure are the following kinds of breast cancers:

• noninvasive: intralobular and intraduct;

• infiltrative.

Noninvasive breast cancers can be intralobular (lobular carcinoma in situ), and intraduct (ductal carcinoma in situ).

Infiltrating (invasive) cancer is seen as varying degrees of tissue and cell irregularities, which in a position to distinguish different a higher level malignancy. This type of cancer include, especially, infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma, which in turn has got the structure of scirrhus, as well as Paget's disease.

Causes of Breast Cancer.

The reasons for breast cancers often are hormonal changes inside the body: the entry into menopause, if you find a dynamic restructuring with the hormonal regulation of the woman, the ovaries lose their activity, decreased creation of progesterone and estrogen, your body goes through, "hormonal crisis." The mammary gland and endometrium (lining in the uterus) are most attentive to these changes, the breast growth starts to dissolve and stay replaced by fat.

Scientifically established that the female hormones estrogen-, plays an integral role inside the development of breast cancer. The excess hormones within the body generates a favorable background for developing the disease. The least active hormones estrogen behave while pregnant and after birth - during breastfeeding. It is proved that this birth and prolonged breastfeeding (over 12 months) to relieve the potential risk of developing cancer of the breast. On the other hand, abortion result in hormonal "explosion" in a woman's body that could trigger the continuing development of tumors. So far there isn't any consensus regarding the impact for the development of tumors of hormonal contraceptive drugs, yet it's believed that these drugs reduce the risk of developing breast cancer, but increase the potential risk of developing cancer with the female genital organs, and osteoporosis. In addition predisposition to cancer of the breast could cause harmful environmental factors: the environment, in addition to inflammatory diseases previously deferred breast - mastitis.

In addition, patients having a category of first-degree relatives with cancer of the breast (mothers and sisters) chance of developing a tumor increasing by greater than half - familial types of cancer.

Benign breast diseases for example fibrocystic breast disease, or fibroadenoz intraduct papillomatosis alone usually do not bring about cancer, but at the same time, create an unfavorable background due to the development.

The cause of cancer of the breast could be the results of radiation, including irradiation with the chest for other diseases (lung tumors, the lymphatic system), prolonged and frequent chest X-ray studies on inflammatory diseases or pulmonary tuberculosis.

Constitutional obesity can cause cancer of the breast and female reproductive :, having an excess fatty tissue in the body, it becomes a different endocrine organ and starts to actively produce hormones-estrogens, whose action and provokes the development of tumors.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

There are a couple of forms in the growth of cancer of the breast:

- Nodular form, the commonest, is seen as a a dense knot of 0.5 to five cm or more, it is characterized by all with the following symptoms;

- Diffuse. All of them are very aggressive, grow quickly, almost lightning speed, the tumor without clear boundaries, "spreading" in the breast and skin. For the initial two forms are characteristic warning signs of inflammation: pain with the breast, a bright red color of the skin it raises body's temperature to 39 degrees C. In view of the symptoms often occur, and errors in proper diagnosis of patients treated for inflammatory diseases, that are named and are referred to these forms breast cancer. When tubular carcinoma breast cancer cover like a "skin" of the contracting and decreasing in dimensions.

In certain cases, breast cancer manifests in the form of metastases inside the lymph nodes on the affected side, often doesn't detect the tumor itself - show hidden breast cancer.

For small tumors of the breast, any symptoms arise. The most observant as well as their husbands are able to detect tumor site in the gland accidentally, but in a very large breast to detect small size hard knot. Revealed a knot may be painful when pressed, round, smooth and agile, this speaks for a benign tumor. Signs of malignancy other: a strong knot to touch the stone, its surface is uneven, it's stationary or slightly shifted, can be firmly fixed towards the surrounding tissue or skin, usually painless, can reach a substantial size (greater than 3 - 5 cm and sometimes 10-15 cm).

Need to assess the surface from the skin in the tumor: the malignant process will be observed retraction in the skin, collecting within the folds, wrinkles, an indication of "lemon peel" - a nearby swelling with the skin over the tumor, may be a direct tumor invasion to the skin surface, then it becomes a bright red color and sprawl as "cauliflower."

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