Riskbased screening misses breast cancers in women in their forties

breast cancer on mammogram Riskbased screening misses breast cancers in women in their forties
Breast Cancer

Among all cancers in females, he takes the initial place. In most cases, cancer of the breast develops in the presence of precancerous changes. This is primarily a benign mammary dysplasia and papilloma ducts.

Breast cancer is represented macroscopically nodular and diffuse forms, along with cancer with the nipple along with the nipple of the field (Paget's disease in the breast). For the nodular cancers are seen as an the node creating a diameter up to several centimeters. In some instances, a good knot, is permeated with whitish layers tissue penetrating into the surrounding dimply skin, in other people - a soft, juicy on the cut, splits easily. Diffuse prostate type of cancer is roofed for the considerable distance, the contours of the tumor are marked bad. Sometimes the cancer invades your skin layer and forms about the surface of decaying mushroom formation - a cancerous ulcer. In some cases, the tumor spreads across the surface in the breast and many types of the iron is covered with a dense shell.

In histological structure would be the following varieties of cancer of the breast:

• noninvasive: intralobular and intraduct;

• infiltrative.

Noninvasive breast cancers could be intralobular (lobular carcinoma in situ), and intraduct (ductal carcinoma in situ).

Infiltrating (invasive) cancer is characterized by varying levels of tissue and cell irregularities, which in a position to distinguish different level of malignancy. This type of cancer include, particularly, infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma, which in turn gets the structure of scirrhus, in addition to Paget's disease.

Causes of Breast Cancer.

The reasons for cancer of the breast often are hormonal changes inside body: the entry into menopause, if you have a dynamic restructuring with the hormonal regulation from the woman, the ovaries lose their activity, decreased production of progesterone and estrogen, the body is going through, "hormonal crisis." The mammary gland and endometrium (lining in the uterus) are most attentive to these changes, the breast growth starts to dissolve and become replaced by fat.

Scientifically established that the female hormones estrogen-, plays an important role within the continuing development of cancer of the breast. The excess hormones within the body produces a favorable background for developing the condition. The least active hormones estrogen behave during pregnancy and after birth - during breastfeeding. It is proved the birth and prolonged breastfeeding (more than 12 months) to lessen the chance of developing breast cancers. On the other hand, abortion lead to hormonal "explosion" in the woman's body that will trigger the continuing development of tumors. So far there's no consensus regarding the impact for the development of tumors of hormonal contraceptive drugs, yet it's belief that these drugs reduce potential risk of developing breast cancers, but increase the risk of developing cancer with the female genital organs, and osteoporosis. In addition predisposition to cancer of the breast may cause harmful environmental factors: the environment, and also inflammatory diseases previously deferred breast - mastitis.

In addition, patients with a family of first-degree relatives with breast cancers (mothers and sisters) likelihood of having a tumor increasing by a lot more than half - familial varieties of cancer.

Benign breast diseases like fibrocystic breast disease, or fibroadenoz intraduct papillomatosis alone do not result in cancer, but simultaneously, create an unfavorable background due to the development.

The cause of breast cancers may be the effects of radiation, including irradiation from the chest for other diseases (lung tumors, the lymphatic system), prolonged and frequent chest X-ray studies on inflammatory diseases or pulmonary tuberculosis.

Constitutional obesity can cause cancer with the breast and female the reproductive system, by having an excess dimply skin within the body, it will become another endocrine organ and begins to actively produce hormones-estrogens, whose action and provokes the growth and development of tumors.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

There are several forms from the growth of cancer of the breast:

- Nodular form, the most common, is seen as an a dense knot of 0.5 to 5 cm or higher, it really is characterized by all in the following symptoms;

- Diffuse. All of them are very aggressive, grow quickly, almost lightning speed, the tumor with no clear boundaries, "spreading" with the breast and skin. For the first two forms are characteristic indications of inflammation: pain with the breast, a bright beautiful red colors with the skin it raises body's temperature to 39 degrees C. In view of those symptoms often occur, and errors in diagnosing patients treated for inflammatory diseases, which are named and are referred to these forms cancer of the breast. When tubular carcinoma breast cancers cover as being a "skin" of its contracting and decreasing in space.

In some cases, cancer of the breast manifests inside the form of metastases within the lymph nodes for the affected side, often doesn't detect the tumor itself - show hidden cancer of the breast.

For small tumors with the breast, any symptoms arise. The most observant ladies and their husbands are able to detect tumor site inside gland accidentally, but in a large breast to detect small size hard knot. Revealed a knot could be painful when pressed, round, smooth and agile, this speaks in favor of a benign tumor. Signs of malignancy other: a tight knot to touch the stone, its surface is uneven, it really is stationary or slightly shifted, may be firmly fixed to the surrounding tissue or skin, usually painless, can reach a significant size (more than three to five cm and quite often 10-15 cm).

Need to assess the surface in the skin within the tumor: the malignant process will be observed retraction in the skin, picking up in the folds, wrinkles, an indicator of "lemon peel" - a local swelling with the skin in the tumor, might be a direct tumor invasion to the skin surface, then it becomes a bright beautiful red colors and sprawl as "cauliflower."

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