Axial DCEMRI subtracted image in a patient with a know Openi

breast cancer on mri Axial DCEMRI subtracted image in a patient with a know Openi
Breast Cancer

Among all cancers in females, he takes the initial place. In most cases, cancer of the breast develops within the presence of precancerous changes. This is primarily a benign mammary dysplasia and papilloma ducts.

Breast cancer is represented macroscopically nodular and diffuse forms, and also cancer from the nipple as well as the nipple of the field (Paget's disease in the breast). For the nodular cancers are seen as the node developing a diameter as high as several centimeters. In certain instances, a tight knot, is permeated with whitish layers tissue penetrating in to the surrounding fatty tissue, in other people - a soft, juicy about the cut, splits easily. Diffuse prostate type of cancer is roofed to get a considerable distance, the contours in the tumor are marked bad. Sometimes the cancer invades your skin layer and forms around the surface of decaying mushroom formation - a cancerous ulcer. In some cases, the tumor spreads across the surface with the breast and the iron is covered with a dense shell.

In histological structure would be the following forms of breast cancers:

• noninvasive: intralobular and intraduct;

• infiltrative.

Noninvasive breast cancers can be intralobular (lobular carcinoma in situ), and intraduct (ductal carcinoma in situ).

Infiltrating (invasive) cancer is seen as an varying degrees of tissue and cell irregularities, which able to distinguish different degree of malignancy. This type of cancer include, especially, infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma, which will contains the structure of scirrhus, and also Paget's disease.

Causes of Breast Cancer.

The reasons behind cancer of the breast often are hormonal changes inside the body: the entry into menopause, if you have an engaged restructuring of the hormonal regulation in the woman, the ovaries lose their activity, decreased manufacture of progesterone and estrogen, your body goes through, "hormonal crisis." The mammary gland and endometrium (lining from the uterus) are most attentive to these changes, the breast growth starts to dissolve and be replaced by fat.

Scientifically established that this female hormones estrogen-, plays a key role inside the progression of breast cancer. The excess hormones inside body produces a favorable background for developing the condition. The least active hormones estrogen behave during pregnancy and after birth - during breastfeeding. It is proved that the birth and prolonged breastfeeding (more than 12 months) to lessen the potential risk of developing cancer of the breast. On the other hand, abortion result in hormonal "explosion" inside a woman's body that could trigger the progression of tumors. So far there isn't any consensus concerning the impact around the progression of tumors of hormonal contraceptive drugs, however it is belief that these drugs reduce the chance of developing breast cancers, but increase the potential risk of developing cancer from the female genital organs, and osteoporosis. In addition predisposition to breast cancer may cause harmful environmental factors: the environment, as well as inflammatory diseases previously deferred breast - mastitis.

In addition, patients which has a family of first-degree relatives with breast cancers (mothers and sisters) likelihood of making a tumor increasing by more than half - familial forms of cancer.

Benign breast diseases like fibrocystic breast disease, or fibroadenoz intraduct papillomatosis alone don't result in cancer, but at the same time, create an unfavorable background because of its development.

The reason behind breast cancer may be the outcomes of radiation, like irradiation in the chest for other diseases (lung tumors, the lymphatic system), prolonged and frequent chest X-ray studies on inflammatory diseases or pulmonary tuberculosis.

Constitutional obesity can cause cancer from the breast and female reproductive system, by having an excess fat inside the body, it is an outside endocrine organ and begins to actively produce hormones-estrogens, whose action and provokes the continuing development of tumors.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

There are some forms in the growth of breast cancers:

- Nodular form, the commonest, is seen as a dense knot of 0.5 to cm or even more, it's seen as an all in the following symptoms;

- Diffuse. All of them are very aggressive, grow quickly, almost lightning speed, the tumor with no clear boundaries, "spreading" with the breast and skin. For the first 2 forms are characteristic indications of inflammation: pain in the breast, a bright beautiful red colors in the skin it raises body temperature to 39 degrees C. In view of the symptoms often occur, and errors in proper diagnosis of patients treated for inflammatory diseases, which are named and so are known these forms breast cancer. When tubular carcinoma cancer of the breast cover like a "skin" of its contracting and decreasing in dimensions.

In some instances, cancer of the breast manifests within the form of metastases inside lymph nodes around the affected side, often ceases to detect the tumor itself - show hidden breast cancers.

For small tumors with the breast, any symptoms arise. The most observant ladies and their husbands can easily detect tumor site inside the gland unintentionally, but inside a large breast to detect small size hard knot. Revealed a knot may be painful when pressed, round, smooth and agile, this speaks for a benign tumor. Signs of malignancy other: a tight knot to touch the stone, its surface is uneven, it can be stationary or slightly shifted, might be firmly fixed on the surrounding tissue or skin, usually painless, can reach a tremendous size (more than 3 - 5 cm and quite often 10-15 cm).

Need to gauge the surface with the skin within the tumor: the malignant process will probably be observed retraction from the skin, collecting inside the folds, wrinkles, an indication of "lemon peel" - a nearby swelling from the skin in the tumor, is often a direct tumor invasion to the skin surface, then it is a bright beautiful red colors and sprawl as "cauliflower."

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