Recent comprehensive review on the role of ultrasound in breast cancer management Leaders in

breast cancer on ultrasound looks like Recent comprehensive review on the role of ultrasound in breast cancer management Leaders in
Breast Cancer

Among all cancers in females, he takes the first place. In most cases, breast cancer develops in the presence of precancerous changes. This is primarily a benign mammary dysplasia and papilloma ducts.

Breast cancer is represented macroscopically nodular and diffuse forms, along with cancer from the nipple and also the nipple from the field (Paget's disease from the breast). For the nodular cancers are characterized by the node using a diameter as high as several centimeters. In some cases, a good knot, is permeated with whitish layers tissue penetrating to the surrounding dimply skin, in other people - a soft, juicy for the cut, splits easily. Diffuse prostate cancer is included for the considerable distance, the contours with the tumor are marked bad. Sometimes the cancer invades your skin layer and forms on the surface of decaying mushroom formation - a cancerous ulcer. In some cases, the tumor spreads along the surface from the breast and all the iron is roofed with a dense shell.

In histological structure would be the following types of cancer of the breast:

• noninvasive: intralobular and intraduct;

• infiltrative.

Noninvasive breast cancer may be intralobular (lobular carcinoma in situ), and intraduct (ductal carcinoma in situ).

Infiltrating (invasive) cancer is seen as varying levels of tissue and cell irregularities, which able to distinguish different amount of malignancy. This type of cancer include, particularly, infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma, which usually has got the structure of scirrhus, as well as Paget's disease.

Causes of Breast Cancer.

The reasons behind breast cancers often are hormonal changes in the body: the entry into menopause, if you find an engaged restructuring with the hormonal regulation with the woman, the ovaries lose their activity, decreased creation of progesterone and estrogen, your body is going through, "hormonal crisis." The mammary gland and endometrium (lining from the uterus) are most responsive to these changes, the breast type tissue begins to dissolve and become replaced by fat.

Scientifically established that this female hormones estrogen-, plays a vital role in the growth and development of breast cancers. The excess hormones within the body results in a favorable background for developing the illness. The least active hormones estrogen behave during pregnancy and after birth - during breastfeeding. It is proved that this birth and prolonged breastfeeding (more than 1 year) to reduce potential risk of developing breast cancer. On the other hand, abortion result in hormonal "explosion" in a woman's body that can trigger the growth and development of tumors. So far there is absolutely no consensus in regards to the impact on the development of tumors of hormonal contraceptive drugs, however it is thought that these drugs reduce the risk of developing cancer of the breast, but increase the risk of developing cancer with the female genital organs, and osteoporosis. In addition predisposition to cancer of the breast could cause harmful environmental factors: the surroundings, in addition to inflammatory diseases previously deferred breast - mastitis.

In addition, patients with a group of first-degree relatives with breast cancer (mothers and sisters) risk of developing a tumor increasing by greater than half - familial kinds of cancer.

Benign breast diseases like fibrocystic breast disease, or fibroadenoz intraduct papillomatosis alone usually do not result in cancer, but concurrently, create an unfavorable background for its development.

The cause of breast cancers would be the results of radiation, including irradiation from the chest for other diseases (lung tumors, the lymphatic system), prolonged and frequent chest X-ray studies on inflammatory diseases or pulmonary tuberculosis.

Constitutional obesity can bring about cancer of the breast and female the reproductive system, with the excess dimply skin inside body, it is a different endocrine organ and starts to actively produce hormones-estrogens, whose action and provokes the growth and development of tumors.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

There are a couple of forms of the growth of cancer of the breast:

- Nodular form, the most frequent, is characterized by a dense knot of 0.5 to 5 cm or even more, it is seen as all from the following symptoms;

- Diffuse. All of them are very aggressive, grow quickly, almost lightning speed, the tumor without any clear boundaries, "spreading" from the breast and skin. For the first two forms are characteristic signs and symptoms of inflammation: pain from the breast, a bright red colorization from the skin it raises body temperature to 39 degrees C. In view of those symptoms often occur, and errors in diagnosis of patients treated for inflammatory diseases, that are named and are known these forms breast cancer. When tubular carcinoma cancer of the breast cover as being a "skin" of its contracting and decreasing in proportions.

In certain instances, breast cancers manifests within the form of metastases within the lymph nodes for the affected side, often fails to detect the tumor itself - show hidden cancer of the breast.

For small tumors with the breast, any symptoms arise. The most observant females and their husbands can easily detect tumor site within the gland by accident, but inside a large breast to detect small size hard knot. Revealed a knot might be painful when pressed, round, smooth and agile, this speaks for a benign tumor. Signs of malignancy other: a tight knot to touch the stone, its surface is uneven, it is stationary or slightly shifted, could be firmly fixed to the surrounding tissue or skin, usually painless, can reach a tremendous size (more than 3 to 5 cm and sometimes 10-15 cm).

Need to evaluate the surface from the skin over the tumor: the malignant process will be observed retraction in the skin, obtaining within the folds, wrinkles, an indication of "lemon peel" - a nearby swelling in the skin over the tumor, might be a direct tumor invasion to your skin surface, then it becomes a bright red colorization and sprawl as "cauliflower."

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